which of the following contributes significantly to the rapid control of aeterial pressure by sympathetic stimulation?a) cushing reactionb) renin angiotensin aldosterone systemc) fine tuning of the baroreceptor reflexd) vasoconstriction of large veins
Question
which of the following contributes significantly to the rapid control of aeterial pressure by sympathetic stimulation?a) cushing reactionb) renin angiotensin aldosterone systemc) fine tuning of the baroreceptor reflexd) vasoconstriction of large veins
Solution
The answer is c) fine tuning of the baroreceptor reflex.
Here's why:
The baroreceptor reflex is a rapid negative feedback loop in which an elevated blood pressure causes the heart rate to decrease, and a low blood pressure causes the heart rate to increase. It is a mechanism of second-to-second regulation of arterial pressure.
When there is a change in arterial pressure, it is detected by baroreceptors (pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors) located in the aortic arch and carotid sinuses. These baroreceptors send signals to the brain, specifically to the medulla oblongata, which then sends signals to the heart and blood vessels to either increase or decrease the heart rate and blood vessel diameter, thus controlling the arterial pressure.
Sympathetic stimulation plays a significant role in this process. When the arterial pressure is low, the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated, which increases the heart rate and causes vasoconstriction, thereby increasing the arterial pressure. Conversely, when the arterial pressure is high, the sympathetic nervous system is inhibited, which decreases the heart rate and causes vasodilation, thereby decreasing the arterial pressure.
Therefore, the fine tuning of the baroreceptor reflex significantly contributes to the rapid control of arterial pressure by sympathetic stimulation.
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