c. Student A tells his professor that he forgot to submit his assignment. From pastexperience, the professor knows that students who finish their assignment on timeforget to submit it 1 in 100 times. He also knows that half the students who have notcompleted their assignments will tell him they forgot to submit. He thinks that 90% ofthe students in his class finished their assignments on time.Using Bayes’ theorem defined in Equation (1) and calculate:P(E Hi) ⋅ P(Hi)P(Hi E) =∑kn=1 P(E Hn) ⋅ P(Hn) Equation (1)i. What is the prior probability that a student forgets to submit his/her assignment?Show how P(E) and P(Hi) are defined to calculate this prior probability. (8 marks)ii. What is the probability that student A is telling the truth, i.e. he/she finished theassignment but forgot to submit it? (5 marks)[13 Marks]
Question
c. Student A tells his professor that he forgot to submit his assignment. From pastexperience, the professor knows that students who finish their assignment on timeforget to submit it 1 in 100 times. He also knows that half the students who have notcompleted their assignments will tell him they forgot to submit. He thinks that 90% ofthe students in his class finished their assignments on time.Using Bayes’ theorem defined in Equation (1) and calculate:P(E Hi) ⋅ P(Hi)P(Hi E) =∑kn=1 P(E Hn) ⋅ P(Hn) Equation (1)i. What is the prior probability that a student forgets to submit his/her assignment?Show how P(E) and P(Hi) are defined to calculate this prior probability. (8 marks)ii. What is the probability that student A is telling the truth, i.e. he/she finished theassignment but forgot to submit it? (5 marks)[13 Marks]
Solution
i. The prior probability that a student forgets to submit his/her assignment can be calculated using the given information.
Let's define the events as follows:
E: Student forgets to submit the assignment. Hi: Student finishes the assignment on time.
The professor thinks that 90% of the students in his class finished their assignments on time. So, P(Hi) = 0.90.
From past experience, the professor knows that students who finish their assignment on time forget to submit it 1 in 100 times. So, P(E|Hi) = 0.01.
We can calculate the prior probability P(E) using the total probability theorem:
P(E) = P(E|Hi) * P(Hi) + P(E|~Hi) * P(~Hi)
We know that P(E|Hi) = 0.01 and P(Hi) = 0.90.
We also know that half the students who have not completed their assignments will tell him they forgot to submit. So, P(E|~Hi) = 0.50.
And P(~Hi) = 1 - P(Hi) = 1 - 0.90 = 0.10.
Substituting these values in, we get:
P(E) = 0.01 * 0.90 + 0.50 * 0.10 = 0.009 + 0.05 = 0.059.
So, the prior probability that a student forgets to submit his/her assignment is 0.059 or 5.9%.
ii. The probability that student A is telling the truth, i.e. he/she finished the assignment but forgot to submit it, can be calculated using Bayes' theorem:
P(Hi|E) = P(E|Hi) * P(Hi) / P(E)
We have already calculated P(E|Hi), P(Hi), and P(E) in part i. Substituting these values in, we get:
P(Hi|E) = 0.01 * 0.90 / 0.059 = 0.153.
So, the probability that student A is telling the truth is 0.153 or 15.3%.
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