The return address $ra must be backed up and restored by a subroutine in the situation where the subroutine does call further subroutines. So, the correct answer is c. Only if the subroutine does call further subroutines.

Here's why:

In MIPS assembly language, $ra (return address) is a special register that is used to store the return address of a subroutine (or function). When a subroutine is called, the address of the next instruction (the instruction after the call) is stored in $ra, so that when the subroutine finishes, the program knows where to continue execution.

If a subroutine does not call any further subroutines, it can simply return to the address stored in $ra without worrying about losing this information. However, if the subroutine does call another subroutine, this will overwrite the value in $ra with a new return address. Therefore, before making this second subroutine call, the first subroutine needs to save the current value of $ra somewhere (for example, on the stack), so that it can restore this value before it returns. This ensures that the program will correctly return to the instruction after the original call to the first subroutine.

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The return address $ra must be backed up and restored by a subroutine in the situation where the subroutine does call further subroutines. So, the correct answer is c. Only if the subroutine does call further subroutines.

Here's why:

In MIPS assembly language, $ra (return address) is a special register that is used to store the return address of a subroutine (or function). When a subroutine is called, the address of the next instruction (the instruction after the call) is stored in $ra, so that when the subroutine finishes, the program knows where to continue execution.

If a subroutine does not call any further subroutines, it can simply return to the address stored in $ra without worrying about losing this information. However, if the subroutine does call another subroutine, this will overwrite the value in $ra with a new return address. Therefore, before making this second subroutine call, the first subroutine needs to save the current value of $ra somewhere (for example, on the stack), so that it can restore this value before it returns. This ensures that the program will correctly return to the instruction after the original call to the first subroutine.

Knowee AI · Accepted Answer

The return address $ra must be backed up and restored by a subroutine in the situation where the subroutine does call further subroutines. So, the correct answer is c. Only if the subroutine does call further subroutines.

Here's why:

In MIPS assembly language, $ra (return address) is a special register that is used to store the return address of a subroutine (or function). When a subroutine is called, the address of the next instruction (the instruction after the call) is stored in $ra, so that when the subroutine finishes, the program knows where to continue execution.

If a subroutine does not call any further subroutines, it can simply return to the address stored in $ra without worrying about losing this information. However, if the subroutine does call another subroutine, this will overwrite the value in $ra with a new return address. Therefore, before making this second subroutine call, the first subroutine needs to save the current value of $ra somewhere (for example, on the stack), so that it can restore this value before it returns. This ensures that the program will correctly return to the instruction after the original call to the first subroutine.

n what situations must the return address $ra be backed up and restored by a subroutine?Question 9Select one:a.All situations.b.Only if the subroutine DOES NOT call any further subroutines.c.Only if the subroutine DOES call further subroutines.d.Only if the subroutine has a return value.

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