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What is the term for the spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas?

Question

What is the term for the spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas?

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Solution

The term for the spreading out of particles of a substance in solution or a gas is called "Diffusion".

Here are the steps to understand this:

  1. Consider a substance in a solution or a gas. This substance is made up of particles, which could be atoms, molecules, or ions.

  2. These particles are in constant motion. They move around randomly, colliding with each other and with the walls of their container.

  3. Over time, if there are no barriers to their movement, these particles will spread out. This is because there are more ways for the particles to be spread out than there are for them to be clumped together. So, by random motion alone, the particles will tend to move from areas where they are more concentrated to areas where they are less concentrated.

  4. This process of spreading out is called diffusion. It continues until the particles are evenly distributed throughout their container. At this point, we say that the substance has reached a state of equilibrium.

  5. Diffusion is a fundamental process in nature. It is responsible for many phenomena, such as the spreading of a drop of ink in a glass of water, the spreading of a smell in a room, or the movement of oxygen from the lungs into the blood.

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