All species on earth with each other along with their respective environments collectively constitute :a.Biosphereb.Atmospherec.Hydrosphered.Lithosphere

Sure, let's break down the question step by step to find the correct answer.

1. Understanding the Question:

   • The question asks about the collective term for all species on Earth, their interactions with each other, and their respective environments.

2. Analyzing the Options:

   • a. Biosphere: This term refers to the global sum of all ecosystems. It includes all living beings and their relationships, as well as their interactions with elements of the lithosphere (earth), hydrosphere (water), and atmosphere (air).
   • b. Atmosphere: This is the layer of gases surrounding the planet. It is crucial for life but does not include living organisms or their interactions.
   • c. Hydrosphere: This encompasses all water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. It is a part of the environment but does not include living organisms or their interactions.
   • d. Lithosphere: This refers to the rigid outer layer of the Earth, including the crust and upper mantle. It is a part of the environment but does not include living organisms or their interactions.

3. Conclusion:

   • The term that best fits the description of all species on Earth, their interactions, and their environments is a. Biosphere.

Therefore, the correct answer is: a. Biosphere