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Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.H2 I2 initial rate of reaction1.52M 2.03M /0.609Ms1.52M 10.0M /3.00Ms7.19M 2.03M /2.88MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Question

Some measurements of the initial rate of a certain reaction are given in the table below.H2 I2 initial rate of reaction1.52M 2.03M /0.609Ms1.52M 10.0M /3.00Ms7.19M 2.03M /2.88MsUse this information to write a rate law for this reaction, and calculate the value of the rate constant k.Round your value for the rate constant to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

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Solution

Para determinar la ley de velocidad y la constante de velocidad k k para la reacción, primero necesitamos analizar cómo la velocidad inicial de la reacción depende de las concentraciones de H2 \text{H}_2 y I2 \text{I}_2 .

La ley de velocidad general para esta reacción puede escribirse como: rate=k[H2]m[I2]n \text{rate} = k [\text{H}_2]^m [\text{I}_2]^n

Donde:

  • k k es la constante de velocidad.
  • m m y n n son los órdenes de reacción respecto a H2 \text{H}_2 y I2 \text{I}_2 , respectivamente.

Usaremos los datos proporcionados para determinar los valores de m m y n n .

Paso 1: Determinar el orden respecto a I2 \text{I}_2 (n n )

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 2:

  • En el experimento 1: rate1=0.609M/s\text{rate}_1 = 0.609 \, \text{M/s}
  • En el experimento 2: rate2=3.00M/s\text{rate}_2 = 3.00 \, \text{M/s}

Las concentraciones de H2 \text{H}_2 son las mismas en ambos experimentos, por lo que podemos escribir: rate2rate1=([I2]2[I2]1)n \frac{\text{rate}_2}{\text{rate}_1} = \left( \frac{[\text{I}_2]_2}{[\text{I}_2]_1} \right)^n

Sustituyendo los valores: 3.000.609=(10.02.03)n \frac{3.00}{0.609} = \left( \frac{10.0}{2.03} \right)^n 4.93=(4.93)n 4.93 = \left( 4.93 \right)^n

De aquí, podemos ver que n=1 n = 1 .

Paso 2: Determinar el orden respecto a H2 \text{H}_2 (m m )

Comparando los experimentos 1 y 3:

  • En el experimento 1: rate1=0.609M/s\text{rate}_1 = 0.609 \, \text{M/s}
  • En el experimento 3: rate3=2.88M/s\text{rate}_3 = 2.88 \, \text{M/s}

Las concentraciones de I2 \text{I}_2 son las mismas en ambos experimentos, por lo que podemos escribir: rate3rate1=([H2]3[H2]1)m \frac{\text{rate}_3}{\text{rate}_1} = \left( \frac{[\text{H}_2]_3}{[\text{H}_2]_1} \right)^m

Sustituyendo los valores: 2.880.609=(7.191.52)m \frac{2.88}{0.609} = \left( \frac{7.19}{1.52} \right)^m 4.73=(4.73)m 4.73 = \left( 4.73 \right)^m

De aquí, podemos ver que m=1 m = 1 .

Paso 3: Determinar la constante de velocidad k k

Ahora que sabemos que la ley de velocidad es: rate=k[H2]1[I2]1 \text{rate} = k [\text{H}_2]^1 [\text{I}_2]^1 rate=k[H2][I2] \text{rate} = k [\text{H}_2] [\text{I}_2]

Podemos usar cualquiera de los experimentos para determinar k k . Usaremos el experimento 1: 0.609M/s=k(1.52M)(2.03M) 0.609 \, \text{M/s} = k (1.52 \, \text{M}) (2.03 \, \text{M}) k=0.609M/s(1.52M)(2.03M) k = \frac{0.609 \, \text{M/s}}{(1.52 \, \text{M}) (2.03 \, \text{M})} k=0.6093.0856 k = \frac{0.609}{3.0856} k0.197M1s1 k \approx 0.197 \, \text{M}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}

Redondeando a 2 cifras significativas: k0.20M1s1 k \approx 0.20 \, \text{M}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}

Resumen

La ley de velocidad para la reacción es: rate=k[H2][I2] \text{rate} = k [\text{H}_2] [\text{I}_2]

Y la constante de velocidad k k es: k0.20M1s1 k \approx 0.20 \, \text{M}^{-1}\text{s}^{-1}

This problem has been solved

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