Each definition is followed by two terms. Choose the letter of the term that has been defined.1. Condition of stones in the kidneyA. ureterolithiasisB. nephrolithiasis2. Protrusion of the bladderA. cystoceleB. cystitis3. Condition of water in the kidneyA. hydronephrosisB. polycystic kidney disease4. Narrowing of the ureterA. ureterostenosisB. ureterocele5. Minerals in the body such as sodium and potassiumA. albuminuriaB. electrolyte6. Inflammation of the ureterA. ureteritisB. urethritis7. Sudden stoppage of urine formationA. urinary retentionB. urinary suppression8. Condition of urine in the bloodA. azotemiaB. urinary suppression9. Tumor of the kidneyA. nephrosisB. nephroma10. Congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penisA. hypospadiasB. epispadias

Another term for renal calculus isSelect one:a.cystolith.b.ureterolithiasis.c.nephrolithiasis.d.hydronephrosis.

Kidney stones are a common ailment affecting approximately 10% of adults in the United States.  They form when solutes precipitate out of solution as crystals in the urinary tract, and they can cause severe pain in the side, back, abdomen, and groin.  Individuals who have been previously diagnosed with kidney stones have an increased probability of developing new stones relative to unaffected individuals.  Different measures may help prevent the formation of different kinds of stones, so analysis of the composition of stones that have been passed or removed can aid in preventing recurrence.  Stones can be ground into fine powders, dissolved in a small amount of solvent, and analyzed by infrared (IR) spectroscopy, as shown in Figure 1.Figure 1  Schematic of kidney stone analysis by IR spectroscopyIR analysis of kidney stones from 50 individuals revealed the percentage of stones that contain each component, shown in Table 1 along with solubility data.Table 1  Kidney Stone Composition ParametersSome studies indicate that potassium citrate, taken orally, may prevent the formation of calcium oxalate crystals, the most abundant component of kidney stones.  Oxalic acid, shown in Figure 2, is significantly more soluble than calcium oxalate.Figure 2  Structure of oxalic acid and its associated anions with increasing pHPotassium citrate alkalinizes the urine, potentially causing a decrease in oxalate solubility and the formation of more crystals.  However, potassium citrate can also react with calcium oxalate according to the unbalanced equation shown in Reaction 1:CaC2O4 + K3(C6H5O7) → Ca3(C6H5O7)2 + K2C2O4Reaction 1Calcium citrate and potassium oxalate are both hundreds of times more soluble than calcium oxalate, so the presence of citrate and potassium ions can help maintain calcium and oxalate ions in solution.  This effect may be sufficient to overcome the decreased solubility that occurs at higher pH levels.Adapted from Primiano A, Persichilli S, Gambaro G, et al. FT-IR analysis of urinary stones: a helpful tool for clinician comparison with the chemical spot test. Dis Markers. 2014;2014:176165. Question 7Given the unbalanced equation (Reaction 1) and the molecular weight of calcium citrate (498.5 ng/nmol), if 15 nmol of calcium oxalate is mixed with 15 nmol of potassium citrate, what is the approximate theoretical yield of calcium citrate?A.1,250 ngB.2,500 ngC.3,750 ngD.7,500 ngSubmit

Use a medical term from the list below to complete the sentence. cathetercystoscopycystostomyhydronephrosishypospadiaspolycystic kidney diseasepyelonephritisrenal transplanturinary retentionenuresis 1. The patient’s inability to urinate caused Answer, an abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder.2. The child was born with the urinary meatus on the underside of the penis, or Answer.3. A diagnostic visual examination of the bladder, or Answer, was performed to evaluate the lower urinary tract.4. Because of inadequate renal function, his physician recommended a surgical implantation of a donor kidney, or Answer.5. The child had a history of involuntary urination, or Answer, until the age of 11.6. A(n) Answer, or flexible tube-like device, was inserted for postoperative withdrawal of urine.7. The patient, who had recently been treated for a UTI, presented with fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and lumbar pain. She was diagnosed with Answer, or inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidneys.8. Renal calculi obstructed the flow in the patient’s urinary tract causing Answer, an abnormal condition of water in the kidney.9. Lumbar pain, hematuria, and systemic hypertension may be experienced by a patient with Answer, a condition in which the kidney contains many cysts causing progressive interference with the ability to form urine.10. Spinal cord injured patients unable to urinate may require the creation of an artificial opening into the bladder, or Answer where the bladder opening is brought to the surface of the skin.

Connaitre les définitions des insuffisances rénales (aigue/chronique) et lithiasesrénales, vésicales et urétérales + complications et manifestations cliniqueo Comprendre l’évolution de la maladie

The suffix that means urine, urination isSelect one:a.-ptosis.b.-esis.c.-uria.d.-iasis.Clear my choice