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You would like to construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the population mean annual income for people over age 40 in your state. You choose a random sample of such incomes and compute the mean of the sample as 40,295.5 dollars with a standard deviation of 7563.4 dollars.(a) What is the best point estimate, based on the sample, to use for the population mean?dollars(b) For each of the following sampling scenarios, determine which distribution should be used to calculate the critical value for the 95% confidence interval for the population mean.(In the table, Z refers to a standard normal distribution, and t refers to a t distribution.)Sampling scenario Z t Could use either Z or t UnclearThe sample has size 15, and it is from a population with a distribution about which we know very little. Zt The sample has size 85, and it is from a non-normally distributed population with a known standard deviation of 7752. Zt The sample has size 20, and it is from a normally distributed population with an unknown standard deviation. Zt CheckSave For LaterSubmit Assignment

Question

You would like to construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the population mean annual income for people over age 40 in your state. You choose a random sample of such incomes and compute the mean of the sample as 40,295.5 dollars with a standard deviation of 7563.4 dollars.(a) What is the best point estimate, based on the sample, to use for the population mean?dollars(b) For each of the following sampling scenarios, determine which distribution should be used to calculate the critical value for the 95% confidence interval for the population mean.(In the table, Z refers to a standard normal distribution, and t refers to a t distribution.)Sampling scenario Z t Could use either Z or t UnclearThe sample has size 15, and it is from a population with a distribution about which we know very little. Zt The sample has size 85, and it is from a non-normally distributed population with a known standard deviation of 7752. Zt The sample has size 20, and it is from a normally distributed population with an unknown standard deviation. Zt CheckSave For LaterSubmit Assignment

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Solution

(a) The best point estimate for the population mean, based on the sample, is the sample mean itself. So, the best point estimate is $40,295.5.

(b) For the sampling scenarios:

  1. The sample has size 15, and it is from a population with a distribution about which we know very little. In this case, we should use a t-distribution. This is because the sample size is small (less than 30) and we don't know much about the population distribution.

  2. The sample has size 85, and it is from a non-normally distributed population with a known standard deviation of 7752. In this case, we should use a Z-distribution. This is because the sample size is large (greater than 30), which according to the Central Limit Theorem, means the sampling distribution of the mean will be approximately normal regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

  3. The sample has size 20, and it is from a normally distributed population with an unknown standard deviation. In this case, we should use a t-distribution. This is because the sample size is small (less than 30) and the population standard deviation is unknown.

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