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Complete the sentences describing the events that occur during an action potential.An action potential will not occur unless the membrane potential at the (the initial segment of the axon) reaches a level called .When threshold is reached, of the initial segment open briefly, allowing to diffuse into the cell.As these ions enter the cell, the cell membrane undergoes , with the membrane potential increasing to a peak of approximately +30mV.As the peak of the action potential is reached, the sodium channels close and the open, allowing these ions to diffuse out of the cell.As cations leave the cell, the membrane potential at that part of the membrane once again becomes negative. This phase of the action potential is called , because the resting membrane potential is being reestablished.The membrane potential actually dips lower than -70mV because the potassium channels do not close quickly enough. This phase is called .

Question

Complete the sentences describing the events that occur during an action potential.An action potential will not occur unless the membrane potential at the (the initial segment of the axon) reaches a level called .When threshold is reached, of the initial segment open briefly, allowing to diffuse into the cell.As these ions enter the cell, the cell membrane undergoes , with the membrane potential increasing to a peak of approximately +30mV.As the peak of the action potential is reached, the sodium channels close and the open, allowing these ions to diffuse out of the cell.As cations leave the cell, the membrane potential at that part of the membrane once again becomes negative. This phase of the action potential is called , because the resting membrane potential is being reestablished.The membrane potential actually dips lower than -70mV because the potassium channels do not close quickly enough. This phase is called .

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Solution

An action potential will not occur unless the membrane potential at the axon hillock (the initial segment of the axon) reaches a level called threshold. When threshold is reached, voltage-gated sodium channels of the initial segment open briefly, allowing sodium ions to diffuse into the cell. As these ions enter the cell, the cell membrane undergoes depolarization, with the membrane potential increasing to a peak of approximately +30mV. As the peak of the action potential is reached, the sodium channels close and the potassium channels open, allowing these ions to diffuse out of the cell. As cations leave the cell, the membrane potential at that part of the membrane once again becomes negative. This phase of the action potential is called repolarization, because the resting membrane potential is being reestablished. The membrane potential actually dips lower than -70mV because the potassium channels do not close quickly enough. This phase is called hyperpolarization.

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