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Which type of recovery scheme uses local checkpoints to recover from failures?a.Hybrid recoveryb.Coordinated checkpointingc.Uncoordinated checkpointingd.Log-based recovery

Question

Which type of recovery scheme uses local checkpoints to recover from failures?a.Hybrid recoveryb.Coordinated checkpointingc.Uncoordinated checkpointingd.Log-based recovery

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Solution

The type of recovery scheme that uses local checkpoints to recover from failures is Uncoordinated checkpointing.

Here's a step-by-step explanation:

  1. In uncoordinated checkpointing, each process in the system independently decides when to take a checkpoint without any coordination with other processes.

  2. When a failure occurs, the system identifies the set of checkpoints from which recovery is possible. This set includes the most recent checkpoint of each process.

  3. The system then rolls back to these checkpoints and restarts execution from there.

  4. This method is simple and has low overhead, but it may lead to the "domino effect," where the system has to roll back to a very early checkpoint because later checkpoints are not recoverable. This is because the checkpoints are not coordinated, so a checkpoint of one process may depend on the state of another process at a different time.

  5. Despite this potential drawback, uncoordinated checkpointing can be useful in systems where failures are rare and the cost of coordination is high.

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