Which of the following method can produce cheapest hydrogen per kilogram?*1 pointMethane reformingWater splitting (Electrolysis)Coal gasification

The cheapest method to produce hydrogen per kilogram is typically Methane reforming. This is because the process uses natural gas, which is a relatively inexpensive and widely available resource. Here's a step-by-step breakdown:

1. Methane reforming, also known as steam methane reforming, is a process that reacts methane with steam under high pressure and temperature (700–1100 °C) in the presence of a catalyst to produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and a relatively small amount of carbon dioxide.

2. The reaction is endothermic (consumes heat), which means it requires a significant amount of energy to proceed. However, the energy cost is often lower than that of other methods because natural gas (the source of methane) is relatively cheap and widely available.

3. The produced hydrogen can then be separated from the other gases, typically by pressure swing adsorption, membrane reactors or other separation techniques.

4. Finally, the hydrogen is collected and can be used in various applications, such as fuel cells or in the production of ammonia for fertilizers.

In contrast, water splitting (electrolysis) and coal gasification also produce hydrogen, but these methods are generally more expensive. Water splitting requires a large amount of electricity, while coal gasification involves costly carbon capture and storage to prevent the release of greenhouse gases.