A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband for new-onset tremors and extreme restlessness. She feels nauseated and anxious. The patient works as a nursing aide; she recently injured her back lifting a patient and was prescribed tramadol. She has a history of major depression with psychotic features. Her other medications include venlafaxine and aripiprazole. Temperature is 38.3 C (101 F), blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg, pulse is 125/min, and respirations are 20/min. On examination, the patient is flushed and diaphoretic and her voice is tremulous. Mild rigidity and tremors are noted in her lower extremities. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+. Pupillary dilation and ocular clonus are present. Dysregulation of which of the following neurotransmitters is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? A.Acetylcholine B.Dopamine C.Gamma-aminobutyric acid D.Glutamate E.Norepinephrine F.SerotoninProceed To Next Item
Question
A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her husband for new-onset tremors and extreme restlessness. She feels nauseated and anxious. The patient works as a nursing aide; she recently injured her back lifting a patient and was prescribed tramadol. She has a history of major depression with psychotic features. Her other medications include venlafaxine and aripiprazole. Temperature is 38.3 C (101 F), blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg, pulse is 125/min, and respirations are 20/min. On examination, the patient is flushed and diaphoretic and her voice is tremulous. Mild rigidity and tremors are noted in her lower extremities. Deep tendon reflexes are 3+. Pupillary dilation and ocular clonus are present. Dysregulation of which of the following neurotransmitters is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms? A.Acetylcholine B.Dopamine C.Gamma-aminobutyric acid D.Glutamate E.Norepinephrine F.SerotoninProceed To Next Item
Solution
This patient's symptoms of tremor, restlessness, nausea, anxiety, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, myoclonus, and autonomic instability (eg, fever, tachycardia, hypertension) are suggestive of serotonin syndrome. This condition is most often caused by the combination of two or more serotonergic drugs. In this patient, the recent addition of tramadol, a weak serotonin reuptake inhibitor, to her ongoing treatment with venlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, likely led to excessive serotonin accumulation in her central nervous system. Therefore, the neurotransmitter that is most likely dysregulated in this patient is serotonin (Choice F).
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