The pair of population graphs below display the results of two different five-year hunting cycles, one on light trees and one on dark trees. The population of light-colored moths is shown by the light gray dots, and the population of dark moths is shown by the dark gray dots. How do these results demonstrate natural selection?  A. The moth populations shown here demonstrate random fluctuations over time that are not explained by tree color.  B. On light trees, individual moths tried to become lighter in color to match the tree background. On dark trees, individual moths tried to become darker in color.  C. The moths that were the same color as their background were more likely to survive and reproduce. Over time, the populations of these well-adapted moths increased.  D. Small particles of tree bark became embedded in the moth’s wings, causing the moths to become darker on the dark trees and lighter on the light trees. These acquired traits were then passed down to the next generation of moths, causing the populations to change color over time.

The natural selection image in the concept map above indicates that moths with the darkest coloration have the greatest reproductive success when trees in the habitat are dark. What type of natural selection does this image depict?Multiple ChoiceDirectional selection        Stabilizing selectionDisruptive selection

The data indicates that during the Industrial Revolution, dark mothsElimination ToolSelect one answerAhad a higher survival rate than light moths.Bcould change color.Chad greater genetic variation than light moths.Dcould change their phenotype.

Explain how natural selection caused the frequency of black moths within the population to increase during the Industrial Revolution.

The peppered moth is often used as a case study to illustrate natural selection.  The allele for dark-colored is dominant and the allele for light colored is recessive.  In the 1850's light-colored moths were higher in population size and easily camouflaged in the trees from predators; however after industrial air pollution covered the trees with soot in the early 1900's the dark-colored moths blended in with the trees more effectively and became greater in number than the light-colored moths.  Which evolutionary trend is demonstrated?Group of answer choicesa smaller percentage of light-colored moths survive to reproduce, shrinking the gene pool and causing mutations.the populations of the light-colored and the dark-colored moths will both become extinct.more dark-colored moths survive to reproduce, which shifted the allele frequency towards the dark-colored allele.over time, the birds will get used to eating the light-colored moths and stop eating the dark-colored moths.

The observation that the relative frequencies of melanic to light peppered moths changes with the color of tree bark provides support for Blank______.Multiple choice question.human-induced selectionnatural selectionindustrial selectionindustrial pollution