Which of the following landforms are caused by wave erosion? sea stack spit/tombalo barrier reef submarine canyon

The landforms caused by wave erosion among the options provided are:

1. Sea Stack: A sea stack is a vertical rock formation standing in the sea and formed entirely by wind and water erosion processes. They are formed over time by the continuous action of the waves on the coastline.

2. Spit/Tombolo: A spit is a narrow piece of land that juts out into the sea from the coastline. It is formed by the deposition of sediments carried by the longshore drift. A tombolo is a type of spit that connects an island to the mainland or to another island. It is also formed by wave action and longshore drift.

The other two options, barrier reef and submarine canyon, are not primarily formed by wave erosion.

A barrier reef is a type of coral reef that runs parallel to the shoreline but is separated from it by a deep channel or lagoon. It is formed by the growth of coral rather than by wave erosion.

A submarine canyon is a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope. It is typically formed by turbidity currents as part of the process of sediment deposition on the continental shelf and slope, not by wave erosion.