Explain the term real time scheduling and itsTypes with example.

Real-time scheduling is a concept in computer science that deals with the organization and management of tasks in a real-time system. A real-time system is one where the correctness of the computations not only depends on the logical correctness of the computation but also on the time at which the result is produced. In other words, the results of the computation have to be produced within a specific time frame, otherwise, the system will fail.

There are three main types of real-time scheduling:

1. Hard real-time scheduling: In this type of scheduling, tasks are guaranteed to be executed within a specified deadline. If a task is not completed within its deadline, the system is considered to have failed. An example of a hard real-time system could be an airbag system in a car. If the airbag does not deploy at the exact moment of a crash, the system is considered to have failed.

2. Soft real-time scheduling: In this type of scheduling, tasks have a deadline, but if they are not completed within the deadline, the system does not fail. However, the value of the system's service degrades if tasks are not completed on time. An example of a soft real-time system could be a video streaming service. If a video frame is not displayed at the exact time it should be, the system does not fail, but the quality of the video decreases.

3. Firm real-time scheduling: This is a hybrid of hard and soft real-time scheduling. In this type, tasks have a deadline and if they are not completed within the deadline, they are aborted and the system continues to function. An example of a firm real-time system could be a reservation system. If a reservation is not completed within a certain time, it is cancelled, but the system continues to function.

In all these types of scheduling, the goal is to ensure that tasks are completed within their deadlines, while maximizing the use of system resources.