Read the following passage and answer the questions. Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took may forms: missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letter, diaries and official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities. Many existing maps also reflect the 150 year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native American. Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origin of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United states government policy and in non-Native Americans attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans. Which of the following best describes the content of the passage?AAn argument concerning the nature of information contained in maps of Native American landsBAn argument concerning the present day uses to which historical maps of Native American lands are put.CA discusssion of how the mapmaking techniques of Native Americans differed from those of EuropeansDA chronology of the development of different methods for mapping Native Americans.

The passage mentions each of the following as a factor affecting current maps of Native American lands EXCEPT:AUnited States government policyBnon-Native Americans' perspective on Native AmericansCOrigins of the information utilized to produce the mapsDchanges in ways that tribal lands are used

The passage suggests which of the following about most existing maps of Native American lands?AThey do not record the migrations of Native American tribes.BThey tend to reflect archaeological evidence that has become outdated.CThey have been preserved primarily because of their connection with threaties involving land transfersDThey are not based primarily on the mapmakers' firsthand observations of Native American lands.

How did landscape, climate, and resources influence the development of Native American societies?

Although the idea of “America” today carries with it features and values of a modernized, technologically sophisticated society very remote from the life of continent’s aboriginal peoples, there exists some intriguing arguments for these people having been archetypically American.Like all subsequent inhabitants of North America, the Indians were immigrants.Second,...they were a mobile people.Finally, like Americans of later time, the Americans were extraordinarily varied in the cultures they developed...Because of this remarkable cultural and religious diversity stretched over both space and time, it is difficult to be both general and meaningful in discussing Native Americans.Williams, Peter W. America's Religions: Traditions and Cultures. Macmillan,1998 p. 3-4Which of the following statements BEST supports the author's argument about Pre-Columbian cultures?Elimination ToolSelect one answerANative American societies were economically isolated and tended not to trade with each other.BNative American societies often developed cultures that had characteristics dependent upon the nature of their specific geography.CNative American societies often developed complex writing systems.DNative American societies never waged war or conducted diplomacy with each other.

Pre-contact North AmericaMap Approximating Pre-Contact Cultural Groups. National Atlas of America, 1970 edition.What major historical event was ignored in the creation of this map?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAThe Little Ice AgeBHumans crossing the Bering Land BridgeCEuropean discovery of the New WorldDThe rise of the Mayan Civilization