Towards the end of the 1600's the French physicist Guilluame Amontons noted that for any trapped gas whose volume and mass are held constant, the rise in temperature produces the same increase in pressure. The experimental values gave:Pressure = slope × Temperature (in °C) + intercepta linear relationship between pressure and temperature. Several years later, in 1779 Joseph Lambert defined absolute zero as the temperature at which the pressure of a gas becomes zero when a plot of gas pressure versus temperature is extrapolated to Pgas = 0. (See L. H. Adcock, J. Chem. Educ., 75, 1567-1568 (1998) for additional explanation.) How would the value of absolute zero defined in this manner theoretically compare to the value based on Charles' law? How do these theoretical values compare to what your data for Charles' Law says is absolute zero?

The value of absolute zero defined by Joseph Lambert through extrapolation of gas pressure versus temperature to Pgas = 0 would theoretically be the same as the value based on Charles' Law. Charles' Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure and amount of gas remain constant. This implies that as the temperature decreases, so does the volume, until theoretically, at absolute zero, the volume would also be zero.

However, in practice, gases condense into liquids and then freeze into solids long before absolute zero is reached, so this theoretical value cannot be achieved in reality.

To compare these theoretical values to your data for Charles' Law, you would need to plot your data on a graph of volume versus temperature. The temperature at which the volume becomes zero on your graph would be your experimental value for absolute zero.

If your experimental value closely matches the theoretical value (around -273.15°C or 0 Kelvin), this would suggest that your data supports Charles' Law and Lambert's definition of absolute zero. If there is a significant difference, this could be due to experimental error or the limitations of these laws under the conditions of your experiment.