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List of weak ,strong,neutral ligands

Question

List of weak ,strong,neutral ligands

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Solution

Sure, here is a list of weak, strong, and neutral ligands:

Weak Ligands (generally form high spin complexes):

  • Iodide (I-)
  • Bromide (Br-)
  • Fluoride (F-)
  • Chloride (Cl-)
  • Hydroxide (OH-)
  • Water (H2O)
  • Ammonia (NH3)

Strong Ligands (generally form low spin complexes):

  • Cyanide (CN-)
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)
  • Ethylenediamine (en)
  • Bipyridine (bipy)
  • Phenanthroline (phen)
  • Nitrogen Monoxide (NO)

Neutral Ligands:

  • Water (H2O)
  • Ammonia (NH3)
  • Nitrogen (N2)
  • Oxygen (O2)
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Please note that the strength of a ligand is determined by the spectrochemical series, and the same ligand can act as a weak or strong ligand depending on the metal ion and oxidation state. Also, some ligands like H2O and NH3 can act as both neutral and weak ligands.

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