know the sources and role of antibiotic

Sources of Antibiotics:

1. Natural Sources: Most of the antibiotics used today are from the microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. For example, Penicillin is obtained from a fungus called Penicillium.

2. Semi-synthetic Sources: These are the antibiotics which are modified versions of the naturally obtained antibiotics. For example, Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic antibiotic.

3. Synthetic Sources: These are the antibiotics which are prepared in the laboratory from chemical substances. For example, Quinolones.

Role of Antibiotics:

1. Killing Bacteria: Antibiotics are used to kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. They do this by interfering with the formation of the bacterium's cell wall or its cell contents.

2. Treating Infections: Antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by bacteria, such as pneumonia, acne, urinary tract infections, and skin infections.

3. Preventing Infections: In some cases, antibiotics are given to prevent rather than treat an infection. This is called 'prophylactic' use of antibiotics. For example, they may be given to prevent infections in people undergoing surgery.

4. Testing Antibiotic Sensitivity: Antibiotics are used in laboratories for testing the sensitivity of isolated bacterial strains against various antibiotics in susceptibility testing.

Remember, antibiotics are not effective against viral infections like the common cold, flu, most coughs, and sore throats. Misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, a serious global health concern.