Smoking has serious adverse consequences for both smokers and those around them. Additionally, smoke butts harm the environment. Type T for True or F for False after every statement: If the government is able to estimate the value of the negative externality from smoking, it would be efficient to tax it. A tax on cigarette smoking internalises all of the negative externalities associated with smoking. Consider the government introduces a tax and in addition, bans smoking in public areas. This banning of smoking in public areas indicates that simply imposing a tax on cigarettes alone does not internalise all the externalities associated with smoking.

Increasing tobacco taxes is an example of which of the following factors that impact on health?Question 7Answera.Across Streamb.Midstreamc.Downstreamd.Upstream

Explain two reasons why a government may discourage cigarette smoking.

Short and long-term effects of tobacco use

Clearly outlines the impacts of tobacco use on the Australian community

Abelson (1995) wanted to examine whether smoking led to lung cancer. He examined several studies, which showed the following results:The longer a person has smoked cigarettes, the greater their chance of getting cancer.People who stop smoking have lower cancer rates than people who keep smoking.Smokers’ cancers tend to be in the lungs and of a particular type.Smokers who use filtered cigarettes have a somewhat lower rate of cancer than those who use unfiltered cigarettes.People who live with smokers have higher rates of cancer, too, because of their passive exposure to the same chemicals.Identify the true and false statements about Abelson’s investigation.True Statement(s)The studies Abelson examined address all possible third-variable problems.Abelson would be able to make a strong causal claim if the studies he examined had the same findings.All of the studies that Abelson investigated were correlational studies.The simplest explanation of these results is that the chemicals in cigarettes cause cancer.False Statement(s)