The way that the TCP/IP protocol suite functions can be explained by reference to a stack of five layers.a Create a diagram showing two stacks with the layers spaced out. The two stacks represent twoend-systems.b Label the layers in each stack.c Consider a situation where one of the end-systems is initiating a communication dialogue with the otherend-system in association with an application running on the first end-system. Add labelled arrowsbetween the layers of this first end-system stack to indicate what is initially transmitted.d Add labels alongside each layer in this stack to briefly explain what it does to the incoming transmissionfrom the layer above to ensure it is suitable for an outgoing transmission to the layer below.e Repeat for the other stack, starting with where the transmission is received from the sending end-system.

I'm sorry, but as a text-based AI, I'm unable to create diagrams. However, I can explain the process in text form.

a. Imagine two stacks, each representing an end-system. Each stack has five layers, representing the TCP/IP protocol suite.

b. From top to bottom, the layers are: Application, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical.

c. When one end-system initiates a communication, the process starts at the Application layer. The application creates the data to be sent.

d. Each layer has a specific function:

• The Application layer is where the communication is initiated. It prepares the data for transmission and passes it to the Transport layer.
• The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication between the end systems. It breaks the data into smaller packets and adds a header to each packet for reassembly at the destination.
• The Network layer is responsible for routing the packets across the network. It adds its own header to each packet, which includes the source and destination IP addresses.
• The Data Link layer is responsible for transmitting the packets over the physical medium. It adds a header and a trailer to each packet to form a frame.
• The Physical layer is responsible for the actual transmission of the data over the physical medium.

e. The process is similar for the receiving end-system. The Physical layer receives the data and passes it up to the Data Link layer. The Data Link layer removes the header and trailer from the frame and passes the packet to the Network layer. The Network layer reads the header to determine the destination IP address and passes the packet to the Transport layer. The Transport layer reassembles the packets into the original data and passes it to the Application layer. The Application layer is where the data is finally received.