Despite Josh ardently championing liberal ideals and Jodi fervently advocating for conservative stances, their political beliefs remain starkly ___________. Yet, their deep-rooted friendship endures unshaken. incompatible congruent gratifying erudite

A political candidate worries that a long-time financial supporter has suddenly become cold and distant, because they had always had a friendly relationship. This is an example of __________.Group of answer choicesan “I-It” approach to their relationshipan “I-Thou” approach to their relationshipboth an “I-It” and an "I-Thou" approach to their relationshipeither an “I-It” or an "I-Thou" approach to their relationship, depending on his response, but not both

During a therapy session, Josh expresses strong feelings of anger towards his girlfriend because of an argument they had. Josh ends up taking out this feeling of anger on the therapist during the session and says mean comments about the therapist. From a psychodynamic perspective, this interaction would be considered...Group of answer choicesTransference Catharsis Free association Resistance

A young woman cancels all of her social media accounts because her friends are espousing political beliefs online that she finds disturbing and she doesn’t want these posts to ruin their friendship. Her approach to this conflict is an example of ___________.Group of answer choicesAvoidanceAccommodationForce or competitionConflict resolution

Jim:Elements and tenets of ConservatismConservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to preserve and promotetraditional values, institutions, and customs. It usually opposes rapid change in society andprefers gradual, incremental reform instead (so it's not like it hates change, it just prefersgradual change instead of a change overnight). They see these as foundational elements thathave contributed to the nation's stability and identity.Conservatism doesn't necessarily "hate" change, but it tends to be cautious and skeptical ofrapid or radical change. Conservatism emphasizes the preservation of established institutions,values, and societal norms because these have proven themselves to have worked over time,but this is also flawed since times are changing and we can't keep holding onto what worked inthe past. This caution is rooted in the belief that rapid or unchecked change can disrupt socialstability and lead to unintended consequenceIt's important to note that not all conservatives oppose all forms of change. Their willingness toembrace change can vary depending on the specific issue, context, and the individual or group'sinterpretation of conservatismExamples of Conservative people can literally just be most of our parents that grew up in an agevery different from us. (Generational gap)Central elements and tenets of Conservatism may differ depending on specific cultures (sincedifferent cultures have different traditional values).Common beliefs that Conservatives seem to agree upon are:Transcendent Order - Conservatives typically hold the belief that there is a higher moral orderthat society should strive to align with. Most conservatives acknowledge the importance of alasting moral authority, whether through a belief in "natural law" or some other expression ofsuch convictions.Social Continuity - Conservatives value social stability and they would prefer the devil theyknow than the devil they don't know. Order, justice, and freedom, conservatives believe, are theresults of a long and arduous societal journey, the outcomes of centuries of experimentation,contemplation, and sacrifice.Prescription - Conservatives believe in what may be called the principle of prescription or "thewisdom of our ancestors". They believe that the people today are like small individuals standingon the shoulders of giants, capable of seeing beyond the horizon only because of the immensewisdom and achievements of those who came before us.Prudence - Conservatives are guided by their principle of prudence. Any public measure oughtto be judged by its probable long-run consequences, not merely by temporary advantage orpopularity.Variety - Conservatives pay attention to the principle of variety. Conservatives appreciate theintricate and time-honored social institutions and lifestyles, contrasting them with theconstraining uniformity and stifling equality promoted by radical ideologies. They contend that topreserve a healthy diversity within a civilization, there should be the persistence of socialhierarchies, differences in wealth, and various forms of inequality.Imperfection - Conservatives are chastened by their principle of imperfectibility. Conservativesunderstand that human nature is inherently flawed. They recognize that due to ourimperfections, it's impossible to establish a flawless social order. They believe that becausehumans are naturally restless, any attempt at utopian control would lead to rebellion anddiscontent or result in boredom. Conservatives caution against striving for utopia, as theybelieve we are not designed for perfection. Instead, they advocate for a reasonablywell-organized, fair, and free society, accepting that some problems, inequalities, and sufferingmay persist.—-The biggest thing you need to know about Conservatism is literally just in its name, it seeks toconserve the traditional values that have kept society standing for so long.Examples of traditional Filipino values:• Being family oriented• Hospitality (Treat guests like they own the house)•Honoring/Respecting our elders unconditionally (Gestures for respect such as kanang mubless)• Hard work/resilience (romanticizing)• Bayanihan (Proud pinoy!! Philippine pride!!)Filipinos displaying these values gives Filipinos their Philippine identity in a way.—-Nationalism emphasizes devotion towards one's nation and often involves a strong attachmentto a country's culture, history, and values. Conservatism is probably the ideology that supportsNationalism the most out of the 4 given ideologies since it desires traditional values to be upheldand that includes being loyal and devoted to one's country in most cases.Yza: svohsigacihacThey believed instead that nation states could achieve harmony and stability by staying true totheir traditions. Conservative nationalism promotes the maintenance of national identity throughappealing to the shared national culture and identity of the state's citizens. Conservativenationalists view the nation as an organic development and suggest that social harmony andcohesion can be achieved through the maintenance and promotion of a shared national culture.Conservative nationalism sees national identity as deriving from a shared ethnic or regionalidentity and a common national language.For conservative nationalists, the identity of a nation and its citizens is rooted in its traditions.Therefore, the identity of the individual is linked to the history of the nation to which they belong.In contrast to the individualism promoted by Liberalism, nationalist conservatives shun individualidentity in favour of a collective, historically-rooted society.As a result, conservative nationalist thinkers assume that the best way to further the well-beingof each individual in society is through the collective effort to preserve traditions and historicalcultural practices. Conservative nationalist thinkers see this preservation of national identity asessential to achieving harmony and cohesion within society, which in turn creates the basis foreconomic prosperity and advancement.Conservative nationalism developed in opposition to the spread of liberal ideas about howsociety should be organised. In reality, many of the great states and empires of Europe (theRussian Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire) had been multi-ethnicand multi-confessional (containing many religious groups). But under the old order, unity withinthese state structures had been maintained by popular allegiance to ethnic or religious leaderswho in turn demonstrated allegiance to the state's authority - the monarch.Charles Maurras (1868 - 1952) (Conservative nationalist thinker)A French author and philosopher, Charles Maurras can also be seen to have developed hisnationalist theories from the works of Romantic Nationalists such as Herder. Maurras saw theneed to return to the Catholic traditions of the French Monarchy, which had been overthrownduring the French Revolution of 1789 and then dissolved after the formation of the ThirdRepublic in 1871.According to Dueck (2020), conservative nationalism is a civic form of patriotism and is orientedto democracy.Alcel:Age of Metternich:Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (1773-1859) was an Austrian statesman. He is also consideredone of the most impactful politicians in the history of Europe. Metternich was the ForeignMinister of Austria between 1809 and 1848. He was also the country's Chancellor from 1821 to1848 and was one of the leading statesmen to formalize the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)after the Napoleonic Wars that ravaged the continent.The Metternich System, also known as the Congress System after the Congress of Vienna, wasthe balance of power that existed in Europe from the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815) to theoutbreak of World War I (1914), albeit with major alterations after the revolutions of 1848. Thepurpose of Metternich’s plan was to keep control of Europe in the hands of conservativesthrough the “Concert of Europe”. It was a peacekeeping alliance pledging to maintain a “balanceof power” and suppress uprisings.The Congress of Vienna established an international system of reactionary governmentsdedicated to maintaining a set of European boundaries, preventing revolutions and changes ingovernment, and stopping any one power from becoming too powerful. The reactionariesbelieved that if revolution cropped up in one part of Europe, it had to be destroyed, or elsewould spread like some epidemic. To this end, the Congress powers agreed to meet whenevertrouble should crop up in Europe to discuss how to fix it.The founding powers of the congress (established alongside British foreign secretary LordCastlereagh, and Russian tsar Alexander I) viewed politics as a limited activity reinvigoratingcommitment to already established national institutions and the emphasis on laws andauthority— which are among the major themes of conservatism. The nations involved in thecongress visioned to protect their geographical boundaries as a state and sought to secure theirauthoritative power in their own countries by means of suppressing endeavors of a democratic,liberal or national nature. For over 30 years, the conservative views of Metternich were veryinfluential over much of the European continent: (1) territories were established, respected andobserved preventing colonization and disruption of neighboring countries, (2) traditionallaws/policies were perceived and implemented as they have been set, (3) ruling powers/leadersremained seated in their positions with little to no opposition, (4) minimal to no systemicchanges were made at all caused by suppression, and (5) peace was “strengthened” amongdifferent bodies of political nations. As rallies and revolutions were immediately silencedthroughout this period in the history of Europe, change was not embraced. Therefore,conservatism intensified emphasis on traditions, hierarchy and gradual change.“The conservative adheres to custom, convention, and continuity.”The Overturn of Roe v. Wade:Roe v. Wade is a 1973 lawsuit that famously led to the Supreme Court making a ruling onabortion rights. In 1973, the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Roe v. Wade recognized that thedecision whether to continue or end a pregnancy belongs to the individual, not the government.According to Roe, the right to an abortion before fetal viability is covered by the particular"liberty" clause in the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, whichsafeguards individual privacy.Since Roe, the Supreme Court has consistently emphasized that the Constitution safeguardsabortion as a fundamental liberty, which is connected to other liberty rights to make independentchoices about one's family, relationships, and bodily autonomy.However, last June 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court abandoned its responsibility to upholdfundamental rights and reversed Roe v. Wade, declaring that there is no constitutional right toan abortion. The ruling abandons nearly 50 years of precedent and marks the first time inhistory that the Supreme Court has taken away a fundamental right.The restriction of the legal right to abortion upholds traditional values and beliefs on the issueitself. For many conservative believers and pro-life organizations founded on Catholic orevangelical ideals, this shift in the judicial interpretation of the Constitution, specifically regardingwomen’s reproductive rights was not only a political victory but also a spiritual triumph.Traditional Christian beliefs deem life to begin at a child’s conception. With this, and accordingto them, abortion, in nature, is immoral and ought to be forbidden, as it contradicts teachings oftheir religious belief. The overturn of Roe v. Wade would restrict a woman's right to choose, (aconservative view) for it opposes the idea of a woman having control over choices for her ownbody. The conservative viewpoint holds that this new ruling allows “more protection” for theunborn, granting states greater authority to regulate or ban abortion. This new ruling of theSupreme Court to strike down Roe v. Wade only accentuates strong traditional religious beliefsthat not only attempts to subdue women with the absence of their right to make choices for theirown selves, but it also weakens the boundary of religious beliefs from state affairs. This ruling,which hinders movement toward progressive change, further emphasizes the nature of thisdecision, that is to remain unprogressive (conservative) rather than embracing modifications inthis radical era.Overall Conclusion:We have seen how conservatism has played a massive role in keeping nations together anddividing them from each other. The events of the Metternich system from the 19th century, to therecent overturning of the Roe v. Wade case of the 21st century, are clear manifestations of theconservative ideology wherein traditional values, institutions and customs are preserved and leftintact. The resistance to rapid and progressive changes in the aforementioned events reflectsectors of our society who bind the state with values of the already established traditionalpractices and culture. As participating citizens of a nation-state, we ought to always valuereason and virtues, prioritizing what's best for the common good, rather than the satisfaction ofself-interests.Therefore, Conservatism is not only a lens for viewing a perspective of political affairs, but it alsois a driving force to reassess what is in order to enjoy what should be.KD:Interpretation and Analysis on Roe vs. WadeConservatism, though aims to preserve the old traditions and customs that played a part in thecreation of the “backbone” of a country/community, these traditions are often outdated orobsolescent. In modern times, the concept of “equality” and “acceptance” is the prominenttheme in every society. Thus, the overturning of Roe vs. Wade was, according to a majority ofpeople, a huge blow to the fundamental rights of an individual.As the ideology of Conservatism majorly focuses on the preservation of life and culture, itsstance on abortion rights was justly presented, based on their beliefs. On the other hand, a vastmajority of people, specifically and especially the modern feminist, stray from these ideals andset in their right to choose what to do with their own body.Legalizing abortion does, medically speaking, work. In 1973, Jane Roe challenged Texas law onthe claim that it invaded their liberty under the 14th Amendment and impeded their right toprivacy under the Bill of Rights. The Supreme Court indeed acknowledged the risks of forcing awoman to continue an unwanted pregnancy, and the danger of going for an “under the table”surgery would be a high-risks, especially with an unlicensed clinic or doctor.However, the State’s argument, which we can consider to be the ideology of conservatism atwork, that Constitutional rights begin at conception. However, the Court concluded that “theunborn have never been recognized in the law as a person in the whole sense." The prevailingargument of the State all made a basis on both the Catholic and Jewish faith, both traditionalviews. Which was not enough to support the State’s stance, hence Roe won the case andabortion laws or policies started to be presented. Prior to the legalization of abortion, there werethousands of unsupervised and unlicensed abortion procedures done that led to health hazards.Its legalization, on the other hand, has raised the numbers from thousands to millions, asabortion was used to erase what some women consider to be “mistakes”.The overturning of this historical case however has led to the conclusion that, thoughconservatism took the backseat these past several years, it has once again risen to prominencedue to the rise of abortions all over the United States.Interpretation and Analysis of the Metternich AgeWith the rise of nationalism, the preservation of the social, political, and international status quowas the central ambition of various governments. Klemens von Metternich was a prominentconservative intent on keeping the traditional customs of Austria through establishing anunderstanding with the remaining monarchies in Europe that the balance of power should beupheld.Metternich created policies that hovered over the line of obstructing the rights of its people. Hisextremely conservative views spread among the nations of Europe, however, his extreme wayswere frowned upon by many. While he may have had ambitions of a good government and awell-established nation, his name was associated with oppression. Due to his extremist ideals,his fall was highly sought after and anticipated.From this historical age, we can see that though Conservatism aims to keep old practices alive,it does not bode well for a society when they refuse to adapt and innovate. Metternich’s refusalto adjust to the new age after the Napoleonic Wars led to his oppression of any contradictingideology. Metternich believed that nationalism and liberalism was a threat to the survival of theAustrian empire. He believed that popular opinion could not be relied upon to maintain stabilitywithin and between states because they were easily changed, thus his reluctance to trust andsupport democratic institutions. The minister was firmly established in his belief that conservingtraditional institutions would be the best way to uphold stability.

Conservative pundit, and former presidential candidate, Pat Buchanan called for a “religious war for the soul of America” in 1992. Which types of issues did Buchanan and other cultural conservatives believe would ruin the moral character of the country?Correct Answer(s)voting rightsmilitary spendinggay rightssecularism in schools