A just or fair ethical decision occurs when:Benefits and burdens are distributed in fair proportions.The rights of all affected are considered.            The greatest good for those with power is achieved.Benefits exceed costs.

A just or fair ethical decision occurs when "Benefits and burdens are distributed in fair proportions" and "The rights of all affected are considered."

Here's the step-by-step reasoning:

1. Ethical decisions are guided by principles of fairness and justice. This means that the outcomes of the decision should be distributed equally or in proportion to the contributions or needs of those affected.

2. The option "Benefits and burdens are distributed in fair proportions" aligns with this principle. It suggests that everyone involved should receive a fair share of the benefits and bear a fair share of the burdens, based on their contributions, needs, or other relevant factors.

3. The option "The rights of all affected are considered" also aligns with principles of fairness and justice. It suggests that the decision should respect the rights of all those affected, not just a select few. This includes considering the rights of minorities and those who may not have a strong voice in the decision-making process.

4. The option "The greatest good for those with power is achieved" does not align with principles of fairness and justice. It suggests that the decision should primarily benefit those with power, which could lead to unfair outcomes for those without power.

5. The option "Benefits exceed costs" is a principle of utilitarianism, which argues that the ethical decision is the one that produces the greatest overall good. However, this principle does not necessarily ensure fairness or justice, as it could lead to decisions that benefit the majority at the expense of the minority.

Therefore, a just or fair ethical decision occurs when benefits and burdens are distributed in fair proportions and the rights of all affected are considered.