State what happens inside a smoke alarm when smoke enters it.
Question
State what happens inside a smoke alarm when smoke enters it.
Solution
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When smoke enters a smoke alarm, it interrupts a continuous flow of current that is maintained inside the alarm. This current is typically maintained between two electrodes.
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The smoke alarm contains a small amount of radioactive material, Americium-241, between two electrically charged plates. This radioactive material ionizes the air, causing it to carry a current.
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When smoke enters the alarm, it absorbs the alpha particles that the Americium-241 is emitting. This reduces the ionization of the air and interrupts the current.
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The interruption of the current triggers the alarm's circuitry to sound the alarm, alerting the occupants of the building to the presence of smoke.
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