For almost 100 years now, the psychological evaluation known as the Rorschach Inkblot Test has engendered much controversy, including skepticism about its value, questions about its scoring, and, especially, criticism of its interpretive methods as too subjective.  Thus, the Rorschach test, which emerged from the same early twentieth-century zeitgeist that produced Einstein's physics, Freudian psychoanalysis, and abstract art, seems one of modernity's most misbegotten children.  Destined never to be completely accepted or discredited, the test remains a perennial outlier in its field.  Nevertheless, the inkblots' mystery and aesthetic appeal have caused them to be indelibly printed on our cultural fabric.The now iconic inkblots were introduced to the world by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach in his 1921 book Psychodiagnostics.  As both director of the Herisau Asylum in Switzerland and an amateur artist, Rorschach was uniquely positioned to wed the new practice of psychoanalysis to the budding phenomenon of abstract art.  For instance, reading Freud's work on dream symbolism prompted him to recall his childhood passion for a game based on inkblot art called Klecksographie.  He was also cognizant that in a recently published dissertation, his colleague Szymon Hens had used inkblots to try to probe the imagination of research subjects; moreover, a few years earlier, the French psychologist and father of intelligence testing Alfred Binet had used them to measure creativity.Motivated by these developments, the Herisau director decided to revisit that childhood pastime that had awakened his curiosity about how visual information is processed.  In particular, he wondered why different people saw different things in the same image.  Traditionally, psychoanalysts had relied on language for insights; however, as biographer Damion Searls reports, Rorschach's theories would exemplify the principle that "who we are is a matter less of what we say than of what we see."  Indeed, through a process of perception termed pareidolia, the mind projects meaning onto images, detecting in them familiar objects or shapes.  Consequently, what a person sees in an image reveals more about that person than about the image itself.Rorschach experimented with countless inkblots, eventually selecting ten—five black on white, two also featuring some red, and three pastel-colored—to use with research subjects.  For these perfectly symmetrical images—each of which he was said to have "meticulously designed to be as ambiguous and 'conflicted' as possible"—the primary question was always "What do you see?"  Rorschach was especially careful to note how much attention individuals paid to various components of each inkblot (such as form, color, and a sense of movement) and whether they concentrated on details or the whole image.  Having observed that his patients with schizophrenia gave distinctly different responses from the control group, Rorschach envisioned his experiment as a diagnostic tool for the disease.  Nevertheless, he resisted the notion that its results could be used to assess personality.  In fact, until his untimely death from a ruptured appendix in 1922, Rorschach referred to his project as an "interpretive form experiment" rather than a test.  Ironically, however, by the 1960s, the Rorschach Inkblot Test was known chiefly as a personality assessment and had become the most frequently administered projective personality test in the US.Rorschach's test has survived nearly incessant scrutiny, including a 2013 comprehensive study of all Rorschach test data and repeated revisions to its scoring, yet doubts about its validity and reliability persist.  Much like the inkblots themselves—which tantalize us with the possibility of divulging the secrets of who we are and how we see the world—the test has (for better or worse) defied attempts to fix its meaning.  Thus, what has been called "the twentieth century's most visionary synthesis of art and science" stands tempered by harsh criticism.Passage Title: "The Inkblots" Question 14Which of the following passage claims is the LEAST supported by passage evidence?A.Rorschach's work remained a perennial outlier in its field.B.Rorschach's inkblots were conspicuous for their ambiguity.C.Rorschach's test emerged from the same zeitgeist that produced Einstein's physics.D.Rorschach's research involved the process of perception called pareidolia.