Types of Columns according to their length.

Columns in architecture and structural engineering are categorized according to their length. Here are the three main types:

1. Short Columns: These columns have a length that is less than 12 times their least lateral dimension. They fail primarily by crushing due to the material strength.

2. Long Columns: These columns have a length that is greater than 12 times their least lateral dimension. They fail primarily by buckling, which is a form of deformation under axial load.

3. Intermediate Columns: These columns have a length that is neither short nor long. They fail by a combination of crushing and buckling.

Each type of column is designed to withstand different types of loads and stresses, and the choice between them depends on the specific requirements of the structure.