Synthesis of ATP and NADPH
Solution
The synthesis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis in plants. Here are the steps:
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Light Absorption: The process begins when light is absorbed by pigments (like chlorophyll) in the chloroplasts of plant cells. This light energy excites electrons in the pigment molecules.
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Electron Transport: These excited electrons are then passed along a series of proteins known as the electron transport chain. This chain is located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
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Production of ATP: As the electrons move along the transport chain, their energy is used to pump hydrogen ions (protons) across the thylakoid membrane, creating a concentration gradient. The movement of these ions back across the membrane through a protein called ATP synthase provides the energy needed to convert ADP (adenosine diphosphate) into ATP.
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Production of NADPH: Meanwhile, the excited electrons are transferred to a molecule called NADP+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
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