Define White Box Testing (5 Marks)Explain the concept of White Box Testing in software testing.Discuss the objectives and goals of White Box Testing.Describe the techniques and methodologies used in White Box Testing.Provide examples of scenarios where White Box Testing would be applied effectively.

Definition of White Box Testing (1 Mark): White Box Testing, also known as Clear Box Testing, Open Box Testing, Glass Box Testing, Transparent Box Testing, Code-Based Testing, or Structural Testing, is a method of software testing where the internal structure/design/implementation of the item being tested is known to the tester. It is unlike Black Box Testing where the tester only tests the functionality of the software and not the internal structures.

Concept of White Box Testing (1 Mark): The concept of White Box Testing involves the detailed investigation of internal logic and structure of the code. White Box Testing is also called Glass testing or Open box testing. In order to perform white box testing on an application, a tester needs to know the internal workings of the code. The tester needs to have a look inside the source code and find out which unit/chunk of the code is behaving inappropriately.

Objectives and Goals of White Box Testing (1 Mark): The main objectives of White Box Testing are to verify the flow of inputs and outputs through the application, improve design and usability, detect hidden errors, and ensure that internal operations are performed according to specifications. The goal is to improve the quality of the product by improving accuracy, reusability, and reliability.

Techniques and Methodologies used in White Box Testing (1 Mark): White Box Testing techniques include:

• Statement Coverage: Ensures that each line of source code has been executed and tested.
• Decision Coverage: Ensures that every decision (true/false) in the source code has been executed and tested.
• Path Coverage: Ensures that all paths in the flow chart are reached during the test execution.
• Branch Coverage: Ensures that each branch (outgoing control flow) has been executed and tested.

Examples of Scenarios where White Box Testing would be applied effectively (1 Mark): White Box Testing is effective in the following scenarios:

• When the tester is also the developer and understands the internal workings of the product.
• When detailed feedback is needed about the product.
• When the tester needs to validate the internal structure of the product.
• When the tester needs to know which inputs will give the expected output.
• When the tester needs to ensure that all paths and conditions in the code are tested.