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Which clinical sign(s) is/are indicative of hypercholesterolemia (raised serum cholesterol)?I. Xanthomata (yellow cutaneous deposits)II. Corneal arcus (hazy ring surrounding the peripheral cornea)III. Splinter hemorrhages (longitudinal, red-brown hemorrhages under the nails)IV. Thickening of the palmar fascia

Question

Which clinical sign(s) is/are indicative of hypercholesterolemia (raised serum cholesterol)?I. Xanthomata (yellow cutaneous deposits)II. Corneal arcus (hazy ring surrounding the peripheral cornea)III. Splinter hemorrhages (longitudinal, red-brown hemorrhages under the nails)IV. Thickening of the palmar fascia

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Solution

The clinical signs indicative of hypercholesterolemia (raised serum cholesterol) are:

I. Xanthomata (yellow cutaneous deposits): These are deposits of cholesterol in the skin, often found on the eyelids, knees, elbows, hands, or buttocks. They are a common sign of hypercholesterolemia.

II. Corneal arcus (hazy ring surrounding the peripheral cornea): This is a gray or white arc visible above and below the outer part of the cornea — the clear, dome-like covering over the front of the eye. It's common in older adults and can be a sign of hypercholesterolemia in people under the age of 45.

III. Splinter hemorrhages (longitudinal, red-brown hemorrhages under the nails) and IV. Thickening of the palmar fascia are not typically associated with hypercholesterolemia. They can be signs of other conditions, such as endocarditis or Dupuytren's contracture, respectively.

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