The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.The concept of physical time is fundamental to our understanding of the physical world, likely because time itself is an inherent aspect of the world. Philosophers interested in knowledge are inclined to examine the concept of physical time not from a linguistic perspective but rather from an ontological and/or epistemological standpoint, viewing it as a category that encapsulates a basic trait of the world and/or a key component of human knowledge. Ontologically, time can be considered either absolute, meaning it is self-existent, or relative, meaning it is the pace of change. Epistemologically, time can be perceived as subjective, relating to the cognitive subject, or objective, being a feature of the world. Consequently, four consistent theories of time are possible: time as absolute and subjective (as posited by Kant), time as absolute and objective (as proposed by Newton), time as relative and subjective (according to Berkeley), and time as relative and objective (as suggested by Lucretius).1)  Four philosophical theories on time combine absolute/relative and subjective/objective perspectives, proposed by different philosophers.2)  Philosophers classify time ontologically and epistemologically, outlining four theories by Kant, Newton, Berkeley, and Lucretius.3)  Philosophical study of time presents four consistent theories based on its absolute/relative and subjective/objective nature.4)  Inquiry into time's nature leads to four coherent theories, each supported by philosophers like Kant, Newton, Berkeley, and Lucretius.