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Emilia (age 22) was brought to the emergency department of Bendigo hospital by her father early in the morning. Emilia was in a state of confusion with intense cyanosis (skin slate gray and lips almost black. Blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg, pulse rate was 140 b.p.m., respiratory rate was 28/min and saturated partial pressure oxygen was 85% at the oximeter readings. Blood tests showed •       white blood cells      22.14     (4-12 x 109/L)•       red blood cells           4.8          (3.9-5.6 x 1012/L)•       haemoglobin              135        (115-155 g/L)•       haematocrit                39.4        (36-48%)Emilia was immediately placed on O2 therapy. The clinicians tried to gather information during the initial assessment in parallel with resuscitation, but nothing was found; she did not take any drugs. However, her father recalled that she had drunk some iced water that an instant ice packet (instant ice contains ammonium nitrate) had leaked into.  An abdominal ultrasound was normal. but she appeared to be getting worse. Emilia’s arterial blood is now a chocolate colour. What does this suggest?Question 4Select one:A.hereditary defect that stops O2 release when O2 plentifulB.white blood cells diluting red colourC.haemoglobin not releasing O2D.hereditary defect that prevents O2 binding when O2 plentifulE.haemoglobin not binding O2

Question

Emilia (age 22) was brought to the emergency department of Bendigo hospital by her father early in the morning. Emilia was in a state of confusion with intense cyanosis (skin slate gray and lips almost black. Blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg, pulse rate was 140 b.p.m., respiratory rate was 28/min and saturated partial pressure oxygen was 85% at the oximeter readings. Blood tests showed •       white blood cells      22.14     (4-12 x 109/L)•       red blood cells           4.8          (3.9-5.6 x 1012/L)•       haemoglobin              135        (115-155 g/L)•       haematocrit                39.4        (36-48%)Emilia was immediately placed on O2 therapy. The clinicians tried to gather information during the initial assessment in parallel with resuscitation, but nothing was found; she did not take any drugs. However, her father recalled that she had drunk some iced water that an instant ice packet (instant ice contains ammonium nitrate) had leaked into.  An abdominal ultrasound was normal. but she appeared to be getting worse. Emilia’s arterial blood is now a chocolate colour. What does this suggest?Question 4Select one:A.hereditary defect that stops O2 release when O2 plentifulB.white blood cells diluting red colourC.haemoglobin not releasing O2D.hereditary defect that prevents O2 binding when O2 plentifulE.haemoglobin not binding O2

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Solution

Emilia's arterial blood turning a chocolate color suggests that her hemoglobin is not releasing oxygen. This is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, where the iron in the blood changes form and can no longer bind to oxygen, causing the blood to turn a chocolate brown color. This can be caused by exposure to certain chemicals, such as ammonium nitrate, which Emilia may have ingested when she drank the iced water that an instant ice packet had leaked into. Therefore, the correct answer is C. haemoglobin not releasing O2.

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