Sir Robert Peel established the nine principles of policing to bring consistency of duties and address

Sir Robert Peel, the founder of the Metropolitan Police Force in London, established the nine principles of policing in the 19th century. These principles were designed to guide police departments and help them perform their duties effectively and consistently. Here are the nine principles:

1. The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police actions.
3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of the use of physical force.
5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by catering to public opinion but by constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law.
6. Police use physical force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient.
7. Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.
8. Police should always direct their action strictly towards their functions and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary.
9. The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.

These principles were designed to ensure that police officers act as a part of the community they serve, rather than as a separate entity. They emphasize the importance of public approval and cooperation, the use of force only when necessary, and the idea that the police are the public and the public are the police.