The two essential components shared by all viruses are a core of nucleic acids surrounded by an outer formed from protein.

The two essential components that all viruses share are a core of nucleic acids and an outer layer made of protein. The nucleic acid core can be either DNA or RNA, and it contains the genetic material of the virus. This core is surrounded by a protein coat, also known as a capsid, which protects the genetic material and helps the virus to infect host cells. Some viruses also have an additional layer, called an envelope, which is made of lipids and can help the virus to enter host cells.

The two essential components that all viruses share are:

1. Nucleic Acid Core: This is the genetic material of the virus. It can be either DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) or RNA (Ribonucleic Acid). This genetic material carries the information necessary for the virus to replicate and infect host cells.

2. Protein Coat: This is also known as the capsid. It surrounds and protects the nucleic acid core. The protein coat is made up of protein subunits called capsomeres. The structure of the protein coat can vary among different types of viruses.

These two components, the nucleic acid core and the protein coat, are essential for a virus's function and survival.