LO1. Examine the general structure of eukaryotic chromosomes that contain the genetic material. ● Draw a simple diagram of a eukaryotic chromosome in its condensed and duplicated form (the characteristic X shape). Label the chromosome with the particular macromolecules that make it up. Label the centromere. ● Draw a diagram that differentiates between two homologous chromosomes and two identical sister chromatids. Explain the difference. LO2. Identify the key components for DNA replication and differentiate between leading and lagging strand synthesis. ● Describe the order of events during DNA replication. As part of your answer, draw a DNA replication fork. Your answer should address each of the following: o The name and role of each important enzyme o The difference between the synthesis of the leading strand and the lagging strand o The significance of the 3’ and 5’ ends of the DNA template ● Lagging strand synthesis must occur due to limitations of DNA polymerase. Describe how the process of lagging strand synthesis overcomes these limitations ● Below are the template strands of DNA ready to be synthesized. Produce the complementary strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction for the following templates. 1. 5’ - ATCGGAATCTAGTCA - 3’ 2. 3’ - ATCGGAATCTAGTCA - 5’
Question
LO1. Examine the general structure of eukaryotic chromosomes that contain the genetic material.
● Draw a simple diagram of a eukaryotic chromosome in its condensed and duplicated form (the characteristic X shape). Label the chromosome with the particular macromolecules that make it up. Label the centromere.
● Draw a diagram that differentiates between two homologous chromosomes and two identical sister chromatids. Explain the difference.
LO2. Identify the key components for DNA replication and differentiate between leading and lagging strand synthesis.
● Describe the order of events during DNA replication. As part of your answer, draw a DNA replication fork. Your answer should address each of the following: o The name and role of each important enzyme o The difference between the synthesis of the leading strand and the lagging strand o The significance of the 3’ and 5’ ends of the DNA template
● Lagging strand synthesis must occur due to limitations of DNA polymerase. Describe how the process of lagging strand synthesis overcomes these limitations
● Below are the template strands of DNA ready to be synthesized. Produce the complementary strands in a 5’ to 3’ direction for the following templates.
-
5’ - ATCGGAATCTAGTCA - 3’
-
3’ - ATCGGAATCTAGTCA - 5’
Solution
LO1.
● A eukaryotic chromosome in its condensed and duplicated form looks like an 'X'. The chromosome is made up of DNA and proteins called histones. The centromere is the point where the two arms of the 'X' meet.
● Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same length, gene position, and centromere location. On the other hand, sister chromatids are identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere.
LO2.
● DNA replication begins with the unwinding of the DNA double helix by the enzyme helicase. The enzyme DNA polymerase then adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the DNA strand. The leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5' to 3' direction, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously in the 3' to 5' direction. The 3' and 5' ends of the DNA template are significant because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end.
● The process of lagging strand synthesis overcomes the limitations of DNA polymerase by synthesizing the lagging strand in fragments, known as Okazaki fragments. These fragments are then joined together by the enzyme DNA ligase.
● The complementary strands for the given templates are:
- 3' - TAGCCTTAGATCAGT - 5'
- 5' - TAGCCTTAGATCAGT - 3'
Similar Questions
Describe the changes in the structure of the chromosomes during DNA replication.
Describe DNA replication in eukaryotes
sister chromatidspairs of chromosomes in which members of the pair have genes for the same traitschromosomes that have different genesidentical copies of chromosomes attached at the centromere
11) Where is the location of DNA?1. Plastid2. Lysosome3. Nucleus4. Golgi body
Prior to cell division, each chromosome replicates so there are two copies of its genetic material. The products are connected by a centromere and are called:Group of answer choicesSister chromosomesSex chromosomesSister chromatidsHomologous chromosomes
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