A test of the effectiveness of a thermal sterilization process uses a calculated F-value to determine which of the following? A. thermal death time B. the presence or absence of endotoxin C. disinfectant efficacy D. heat distribution factor

The Del factor for heating and cooling is 1.05 and 1.6 respectively. The initial no. of microbes before sterilization is 2.6x1016 .Calculate Holding time if k is 2.55 min-1

Enlist various methods for testing sterilization and germicidal processes. Describe any one of them.

Fo value provides lethal equivalence between expected and practical conditions for autoclaving and can be expressed as…..Where,  Δt – the time interval between two temperature readings, T – the temperature at time t of the product under sterilization, z – temperature coefficient (assumed as 10 oC)

Match each sterilization method with its definition or description.-Steam-Dry Heat-Filtration-Gas-Ionizing RadiationA. the best terminal sterilization method, all other methods are compared to this methodB. containers, products in containers are sterilized by exposure to various raysC. oxidizing agents used to kill microbes in packaged supplies, on tools & equipment, and in products, some drugs are sterilized this wayD. for products that cannot withstand heat, removes living and dead microbes and particulates larger than a nominal pore sizeE. high heat, not for aqueous liquids, destroys pyrogens, penetrates petroleum jelly ointments

Which of the following is not a method of dry heat sterilization   FlamingIncinerationPasteurizationHot air oven