Read the journal entry and then answer the question.Monday, November 14, 1768 We arrived at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The weather was pleasant with moderate waves and low wind. At five in the evening, we anchored in five fathoms of water just above the Isle of Cobras.Tuesday, November 15, 1768 Fine weather. Obtained fresh greens and beef for the ship's crew.Saturday, November 19, 1768 The weather was cloudy. We were busy getting water and other necessities on board, as well as caulking and repairing the ship. I had to punish Seaman John Thurman for refusing to help the sailmaker repair the sails.Adapted from James Cook, Captain Cook's Journal During the First Voyage Round the WorldWho is the primary audience?

adapted excerpt from Gulliver’s Travelsby Jonathan SwiftIt would not be proper, for some reasons, to trouble the reader with the particulars of our adventures in those seas. Let it suffice to inform him, that, in our passage from thence to the East Indies, we were driven by a violent storm, to the northwest of Van Diemen's Land. . . .On the fifth of November, which was the beginning of summer in those parts, the weather being very hazy, the seamen spied a rock within half a cable's length of the ship; but the wind was so strong, that we were driven directly upon it, and immediately split. Six of the crew, of whom I was one, having let down the boat into the sea, made a shift to get clear of the ship and the rock. We rowed, by my computation, about three leagues, till we were able to work no longer, being already spent with labor, while we were in the ship. We, therefore, trusted ourselves to the mercy of the waves; and, in about half an hour, the boat was overset by a sudden flurry from the north. What became of my companions in the boat, as well as those who escaped on the rock, or were left in the vessel, I cannot tell, but conclude they were all lost.For my own part, I swam as fortune directed me, and was pushed forward by wind and tide. I often let my legs drop, and could feel no bottom; but, when I was almost gone, and able to struggle no longer, I found myself within my depth; and, by this time, the storm was much abated.1Select ALL the correct answers.Which two details are most important to include in a summary of the excerpt? The voyage was headed to the East Indies. Fortunately for the narrator, the storm calmed. The ship crashed upon a rock in a storm. The narrator was tossed about in the sea. All except the narrator were lost at sea.

We returned to the ship, then we took our casks, filled them with water, slept on shore, and the next morning set sail. About noon, a most violent whirlwind arose, lifting the ship above the water, and did not let us down into the seas but kept us suspended like puppets in mid-air for seven days and nights; on the eighth we saw a massive tract of land, like an island, round and remarkably full of light; we got on shore and found that it was inhabited. As night fell, other islands became visible, some were enormous, others minuscule, and all a fiery color. As we advanced, we were suddenly seized by the Hippogypi, who are men carried upon vultures, which they ride as we do horses. These vultures have three heads, and are immensely large; one of their feathers is bigger than a ship mast! The Hippogypi have orders, it seems, to fly around the kingdom, and if they find any stranger, to bring him to the king: they took us therefore and carried us before him. As soon as he saw us, he guessed by our attire what we were, saying "You are Grecians," and we told him we were.     "How did you arrive here?"     We told him what had happened, and he told us his own history, informing us that he also was a man, his name was Endymion, that he had been taken away from earth and brought to this place where he reigned as sovereign. "If I succeed in the war which I am now engaged in against the inhabitants of the sun, you will be happy here." We asked him what the quarrel was about.     "Phaeton, the king of the sun, has been at war with us for ages. I had the intention of sending some of my subjects to establish a colony in Lucifer, which was uninhabited: but Phaeton, out of envy, put a stop to it, by opposing me; we were overcome, our forces at that time being unequal to theirs. I have now resolved to renew the war and establish my colony."2Which excerpt from the passage best supports the idea that Endymion was taken from his home against his will? A.  . . . he had been taken away from earth and brought to this place . . .  B.  . . . they took us therefore and carried us before him. C. "I have now resolved to renew the war and establish my colony." D.  . . . he guessed by our attire what we were, saying "You are Grecians," . . . Reset

We returned to the ship, then we took our casks, filled them with water, slept on shore, and the next morning set sail. About noon, a most violent whirlwind arose, lifting the ship above the water, and did not let us down into the seas but kept us suspended like puppets in mid-air for seven days and nights; on the eighth we saw a massive tract of land, like an island, round and remarkably full of light; we got on shore and found that it was inhabited. As night fell, other islands became visible, some were enormous, others minuscule, and all a fiery color. As we advanced, we were suddenly seized by the Hippogypi, who are men carried upon vultures, which they ride as we do horses. These vultures have three heads, and are immensely large; one of their feathers is bigger than a ship mast! The Hippogypi have orders, it seems, to fly around the kingdom, and if they find any stranger, to bring him to the king: they took us therefore and carried us before him. As soon as he saw us, he guessed by our attire what we were, saying "You are Grecians," and we told him we were.     "How did you arrive here?"     We told him what had happened, and he told us his own history, informing us that he also was a man, his name was Endymion, that he had been taken away from earth and brought to this place where he reigned as sovereign. "If I succeed in the war which I am now engaged in against the inhabitants of the sun, you will be happy here." We asked him what the quarrel was about.     "Phaeton, the king of the sun, has been at war with us for ages. I had the intention of sending some of my subjects to establish a colony in Lucifer, which was uninhabited: but Phaeton, out of envy, put a stop to it, by opposing me; we were overcome, our forces at that time being unequal to theirs. I have now resolved to renew the war and establish my colony."4Which detail from the last two paragraphs of the passage best develops the theme that desire for control can lead to violence? A. " . . . we were overcome, our forces at that time being unequal to theirs." B. "I have now resolved to renew the war and establish my colony." C. "If I succeed in the war which I am now engaged in . . . you will be happy here." D. " . . . but Phaeton, out of envy, put a stop to it, by opposing me . . . "Reset Next

"As we passed by the province called Xamanó, we sent on shore one of the Indians, who had been taken in the previous voyage, clothed, and carrying some trifles, which the Admiral had ordered to be given him. On that day died one of our sailors, a Biscayan, who had been wounded in the affray with the Caribbees, when they were captured, as I have already described, through their want of caution. As we were proceeding along the coast, an opportunity was afforded for a boat to go on shore to bury him, the boat being accompanied by two caravels to protect it. When they reached the shore, a great number of Indians came out to the boat, some of them wearing necklaces and ear-rings of gold, and expressed a wish to accompany the Spaniards to the ships; but our men refused to take them, because they had not received permission from the Admiral. When the Indians found that they would not take them, two of them got into a small canoe, and went up to one of the caravels that had put in to shore; they were received on board with great kindness, and taken to the Admiral's ship, where, through the medium of an interpreter, they re-lated that a certain king had sent them to ascertain who we were, and to invite us to land, adding that they had plenty of gold, and also of provisions, to which we should be welcome."Dr. Diego Alvarez Chanca, "Letter of Dr. Chanca on the Second Voyage of Columbus," 1493. Olson, Julius E. and Edward G. Bourne (editors). The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503: The Voyages of the Northmen; The Voyages of Columbus and of John Cabot. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906), page 297.What does this passage reveal about Columbus's future treatment of Indigenous people?Elimination ToolSelect one answerAColumbus's violent treatment of Indigenous people was not an inevitable outcome.BColumbus clearly did not respect Indigenous people which is why he treated them so poorly.CColumbus treated Indigenous people with violence because he hated and feared them.DColumbus's later violence directed at Indigenous people was not intentional.

Describe what it was like on the ships traveling from Britain to North America