Define the term 'cardiac output' and describe the two components which comprise it.
Question
Define the term 'cardiac output' and describe the two components which comprise it.
Solution
Cardiac output is a term used in cardiovascular physiology that describes the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle, per unit time. It is usually measured in liters per minute (L/min).
Cardiac output is determined by two components: heart rate and stroke volume.
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Heart Rate (HR): This is the number of heartbeats per minute. In a healthy adult at rest, the heart rate is typically between 60 to 100 beats per minute.
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Stroke Volume (SV): This is the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction. The stroke volume and the heart rate determine the cardiac output. A normal adult has a stroke volume of about 70 mL.
Therefore, the cardiac output (CO) can be calculated using the formula: CO = HR x SV.
Similar Questions
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