1. Calculate the relative rates of effusion of chlorine and carbon dioxide.

To calculate the relative rates of effusion of chlorine (Cl2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), we can use Graham's law of effusion. This law states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.

Step 1: Determine the molar mass of each gas. The molar mass of Cl2 is approximately 70.9 g/mol (35.45 g/mol x 2) and the molar mass of CO2 is approximately 44.01 g/mol (12.01 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol x 2).

Step 2: Apply Graham's law of effusion. The rate of effusion of Cl2 relative to CO2 is given by the formula:

Rate(Cl2) / Rate(CO2) = sqrt(M(CO2) / M(Cl2))

Step 3: Substitute the molar masses into the formula. Rate(Cl2) / Rate(CO2) = sqrt(44.01 g/mol / 70.9 g/mol)

Step 4: Calculate the square root. Rate(Cl2) / Rate(CO2) = sqrt(0.620)

Step 5: The relative rate of effusion of Cl2 to CO2 is approximately 0.787.

This means that chlorine gas effuses about 0.787 times as fast as carbon dioxide.