Knowee
Questions
Features
Study Tools

1. Discuss the components of the GSM Architecture. (Illustrate with a diagram

Question

  1. Discuss the components of the GSM Architecture. (Illustrate with a diagram
🧐 Not the exact question you are looking for?Go ask a question

Solution

The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as mobile phones and tablets. It was first deployed in Finland in December 1991.

The GSM architecture is divided into three major systems: the Network and Switching System (NSS), the Base Station System (BSS), and the Operation and Support System (OSS).

  1. Network and Switching System (NSS): The NSS, also known as the core network, is the main component of the GSM system. It controls the mobile phone communication and also carries out tasks such as handover, authentication, and charging functions. The main components of the NSS are the Mobile Switching Center (MSC), Home Location Register (HLR), Visitor Location Register (VLR), Authentication Center (AuC), and Equipment Identity Register (EIR).

  2. Base Station System (BSS): The BSS communicates with mobiles in its area and consists of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC). The BTS houses the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the radio link protocols with the mobile station. The BSC manages the radio resources for one or more BTSs.

  3. Operation and Support System (OSS): The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.

Here is a simple diagram illustrating the GSM architecture:

Mobile Station (MS)
       |
Base Transceiver Station (BTS) - Base Station Controller (BSC)
       |
Mobile Switching Center (MSC) - Home Location Register (HLR) - Visitor Location Register (VLR)
       |
Operation and Support System (OSS)

In this diagram, the Mobile Station communicates with the Base Transceiver Station, which is controlled by the Base Station Controller. The Mobile Switching Center handles the communication between the BSS and the NSS. The HLR and VLR are databases that contain information about the mobile subscribers. The OSS is used by the network operator to monitor and control the system.

This problem has been solved

Similar Questions

Describe the principle of GSM with its block diagram.

The type of access used in GSM technology isa.TDMAb.OFDMAc.CDMAd.FDMA

Explain the key differences of three types ofMobile App Architectures.

The most important part of a GSM network is so called Base Transceiver Station (BTS). These transceivers form the areas called cells (this term gave the name to the cellular phone) and every phone connects to the BTS with the strongest signal (in a little simplified view). Of course, BTSes need some attention and technicians need to check their function periodically.ACM technicians faced a very interesting problem recently. Given a set of BTSes to visit, they needed to find the shortest path to visit all of the given points and return back to the central company building. Programmers have spent several months studying this problem but with no results. They were unable to find the solution fast enough. After a long time, one of the programmers found this problem in a conference article. Unfortunately, he found that the problem is so called "Travelling Salesman Problem" and it is very hard to solve. If we have N BTSes to be visited, we can visit them in any order, giving us N! possibilities to examine. The function expressing that number is called factorial and can be computed as a product 1.2.3.4....N. The number is very high even for a relatively small N.The programmers understood they had no chance to solve the problem. But because they have already received the research grant from the government, they needed to continue with their studies and produce at least some results. So they started to study behaviour of the factorial function.For example, they defined the function Z. For any positive integer N, Z(N) is the number of zeros at the end of the decimal form of number N!. They noticed that this function never decreases. If we have two numbers N1<N2, then Z(N1) <= Z(N2). It is because we can never "lose" any trailing zero by multiplying by any positive number. We can only get new and new zeros. The function Z is very interesting, so we need a computer program that can determine its value efficiently.InputThere is a single positive integer T on the first line of input (equal to about 100000). It stands for the number of numbers to follow. Then there are T lines, each containing exactly one positive integer number N, 1 <= N <= 1000000000.OutputFor every number N, output a single line containing the single non-negative integer Z(N).ExampleSample Input:63601001024234568735373Sample Output:0142425358612183837

Explain Android Architecture with neat diagram.

1/2

Upgrade your grade with Knowee

Get personalized homework help. Review tough concepts in more detail, or go deeper into your topic by exploring other relevant questions.