Compare solution A with pH = 4 to solution B with pH = 6. Question 3 options: The hydroxide concentrations are equal in the two solutions since pH only measures the concentration of H+. Solution A has greater buffering capacity than solution B. The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is twice that in solution B. The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is 100 times that in solution B.
Question
Compare solution A with pH = 4 to solution B with pH = 6. Question 3 options:
The hydroxide concentrations are equal in the two solutions since pH only measures the concentration of H+.
Solution A has greater buffering capacity than solution B.
The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is twice that in solution B.
The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is 100 times that in solution B.
Solution
The correct answer is "The concentration of hydronium ion in solution A is 100 times that in solution B."
Here's why:
The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity. A solution with a pH of 4 is ten times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5, and 100 times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6.
Therefore, the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+), which determine acidity, is 100 times greater in solution A (pH 4) than in solution B (pH 6).
The other options are incorrect:
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The hydroxide concentrations are not equal in the two solutions. In fact, a lower pH means a higher concentration of hydronium ions and a lower concentration of hydroxide ions.
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Buffering capacity refers to a solution's ability to resist changes in pH. Without additional information, we can't determine which solution has a greater buffering capacity.
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As explained above, the concentration of hydronium ions in solution A is not twice, but 100 times that in solution B.
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