Which of the following traits would provide adaptive benefits to an animal living at high altitude? (Select all that are correct. There may be one or more correct options)Group of answer choicesIncrease capillarity of musclesIncrease sensitivity to hypocapniaLarger muscle massIncrease haemoglobin oxygen binding affinityIncrease capacity for anaerobic metabolismGreater hematocrit
Question
Which of the following traits would provide adaptive benefits to an animal living at high altitude? (Select all that are correct. There may be one or more correct options)Group of answer choicesIncrease capillarity of musclesIncrease sensitivity to hypocapniaLarger muscle massIncrease haemoglobin oxygen binding affinityIncrease capacity for anaerobic metabolismGreater hematocrit
Solution
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Increase capillarity of muscles: This would allow for greater oxygen delivery to the muscles, which is beneficial in an environment where oxygen is scarce.
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Increase sensitivity to hypocapnia: Hypocapnia is a state of reduced carbon dioxide in the blood. At high altitudes, the air is thinner and contains less oxygen and carbon dioxide. An increased sensitivity to hypocapnia would allow the animal to respond more efficiently to these conditions.
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Larger muscle mass: This might not necessarily be beneficial at high altitudes. Larger muscles require more oxygen, which is in short supply at high altitudes.
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Increase haemoglobin oxygen binding affinity: This would allow the animal's blood to carry more oxygen, which would be very beneficial in an environment where oxygen is scarce.
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Increase capacity for anaerobic metabolism: This would allow the animal to produce energy without the need for oxygen, which would be beneficial in an environment where oxygen is scarce.
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Greater hematocrit: Hematocrit is the volume percentage of red blood cells in blood. A greater hematocrit would mean more red blood cells, which carry oxygen. This would be beneficial in an environment where oxygen is scarce.
So, the correct options are: Increase capillarity of muscles, Increase sensitivity to hypocapnia, Increase haemoglobin oxygen binding affinity, Increase capacity for anaerobic metabolism, Greater hematocrit.
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