The kinetic energy of a object with mass m𝑚 (kilograms) and velocity v𝑣 (metres per second) is given byK=12mv2.𝐾=12𝑚𝑣2. Suppose you drop an orange, wherethe orange has a mass of m=1/6𝑚=1/6 kilograms,the acceleration due to gravity is dvdt=−9.8𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑡=−9.8 metres per second per second. By the chain rule, the change in kinetic energy with respect to time is a function of v𝑣 : dKdt=𝑑𝐾𝑑𝑡= .When the velocity is 44 metres per second, the rate of change in kinetic energy isdKdt∣∣v=4=𝑑𝐾𝑑𝑡|𝑣=4= .
Question
The kinetic energy of a object with mass m𝑚 (kilograms) and velocity v𝑣 (metres per second) is given byK=12mv2.𝐾=12𝑚𝑣2. Suppose you drop an orange, wherethe orange has a mass of m=1/6𝑚=1/6 kilograms,the acceleration due to gravity is dvdt=−9.8𝑑𝑣𝑑𝑡=−9.8 metres per second per second. By the chain rule, the change in kinetic energy with respect to time is a function of v𝑣 : dKdt=𝑑𝐾𝑑𝑡= .When the velocity is 44 metres per second, the rate of change in kinetic energy isdKdt∣∣v=4=𝑑𝐾𝑑𝑡|𝑣=4= .
Solution
Para resolver el problema, sigamos los siguientes pasos:
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Expresión de la energía cinética: La energía cinética de un objeto con masa y velocidad está dada por:
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Derivada de la energía cinética con respecto al tiempo: Usamos la regla de la cadena para encontrar la derivada de con respecto al tiempo : Como es constante, podemos sacarla fuera de la derivada: Aplicamos la regla de la cadena a : Sustituimos esto en la expresión anterior:
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Sustitución de valores: Dado que la aceleración debida a la gravedad es metros por segundo al cuadrado y la masa del objeto es kilogramos, sustituimos estos valores en la expresión: Simplificamos:
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Evaluación en metros por segundo: Sustituimos en la expresión: Calculamos el valor numérico:
Por lo tanto, cuando la velocidad es metros por segundo, la tasa de cambio de la energía cinética es aproximadamente julios por segundo.
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