How is a cladogram constructed?Multiple choice question.By using shared derived characters to construct clades within cladesBy organizing species along a horizontal line representing the geological time at which they first evolvedLike a flow chart, with evolutionary pathways leading to phenotypic traitsBy identifying disparate groups of organisms based on similar phenotypic traits

What does a cladogram depict?Multiple choice question.A hypothesis of evolutionary relationshipsThe taxonomic hierarchy of a related group of organismsThe mechanisms that led to evolution of different character states

When constructing a cladogram, what is the advantage of using a statistical approach, such as maximum likelihood, rather than relying on parsimony alone?Multiple choice question.Different rates of evolution can be used for different characters.Both symplesiomorphies and snapomorphies can be used to provide information about evolutionary events.The timing of evolutionary events can be determined.

In a cladogram, what word describes an ancestral species and all of its descendants?Multiple choice question.SynapomorphyTaxonCladeOutgroup

A requirement of cladistics is that a grouping must include ________.species that can interbreedonly living speciesa common ancestor and all its descendantsspecies with shared traits

Which of the following statements is true for all of the species that come after a branch point in a cladogram?Multiple choice question.They will no longer need an outgroup.They will share at least one shared derived character.They will share at least two shared derived characters.They do not share any derived characters.