A magician shuffles a standard deck of playing cards and allows an audience member to pull out a card, look at it, and replace it in the deck. Three additional people do the same. Find the probability that of the 4 cards drawn, at least 1 is a face card. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
Question
A magician shuffles a standard deck of playing cards and allows an audience member to pull out a card, look at it, and replace it in the deck. Three additional people do the same. Find the probability that of the 4 cards drawn, at least 1 is a face card. (Round your answer to one decimal place.)
Solution
To solve this problem, it's easier to find the probability of the opposite event (none of the 4 cards drawn is a face card) and then subtract it from 1.
Step 1: Determine the total number of cards and the number of face cards in a deck. A standard deck has 52 cards: 4 suits of 13 cards (Ace through 10, and the face cards Jack, Queen, and King). So, there are 12 face cards (3 face cards * 4 suits).
Step 2: Find the probability that none of the 4 cards drawn is a face card. This is the probability of drawing a non-face card 4 times in a row. There are 40 non-face cards (52 total - 12 face cards). The probability of drawing a non-face card is 40/52.
Step 3: Since the card is replaced each time, the probabilities remain the same for each draw. So, the probability of drawing 4 non-face cards in a row is (40/52)^4.
Step 4: Subtract this probability from 1 to find the probability that at least 1 of the 4 cards drawn is a face card.
Let's calculate:
(40/52)^4 = 0.481
1 - 0.481 = 0.519
So, the probability that at least 1 of the 4 cards drawn is a face card is approximately 0.5 (rounded to one decimal place).
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