10 A ball is dropped on to a hard surface and bounces. It does not bounce all the way back to whereit started, so it has less gravitational potential energy than when it started.hard surfaceball droppedfrom hereball bouncesto hereWhat happens to the ‘lost’ energy?A It is converted into chemical and strain energy.B It is converted into internal (heat) energy and sound.C It is destroyed as the ball rises upwards after hitting the ground.D It is destroyed when the ball hits the ground.11 What does a barometer measure?A atmospheric densityB atmospheric pressureC liquid densityD liquid pressure12 In which position would a boy exert the most pressure on the ground?A lying on his backB sitting downC standing on one footD standing on two feet6© UCLES 2012 0625/12/M/J/1213 On a warm day, a swimmer climbs out of a swimming pool into the open air and water evaporatesfrom his skin.As the water evaporates, which molecules escape into the air first and what happens to theaverage speed of the remaining water molecules?first moleculesto escapeaverage speed of theremaining moleculesA least energetic decreasesB least energetic increasesC most energetic decreasesD most energetic increases14 Some air is trapped inside a metal can with a tightly fitting lid.airheattightly fitting lidmetal canWhen the can is heated strongly behind a safety screen, the lid is blown off by the increasedpressure inside the can.What causes the increase in pressure of the air inside the can?A The air molecules expand and take up more room.B The air molecules move more quickly.C The number of molecules inside the can increases.D The volume occupied by the molecules decreases.15 A solid object has a very large thermal capacity.What does this mean?A A large amount of energy is needed to make the object become hot.B A large amount of energy is needed to make the object melt.C A small amount of energy is needed to make the object become hot.D A small amount of energy is needed to make the object melt
Question
10 A ball is dropped on to a hard surface and bounces. It does not bounce all the way back to whereit started, so it has less gravitational potential energy than when it started.hard surfaceball droppedfrom hereball bouncesto hereWhat happens to the ‘lost’ energy?A It is converted into chemical and strain energy.B It is converted into internal (heat) energy and sound.C It is destroyed as the ball rises upwards after hitting the ground.D It is destroyed when the ball hits the ground.11 What does a barometer measure?A atmospheric densityB atmospheric pressureC liquid densityD liquid pressure12 In which position would a boy exert the most pressure on the ground?A lying on his backB sitting downC standing on one footD standing on two feet6© UCLES 2012 0625/12/M/J/1213 On a warm day, a swimmer climbs out of a swimming pool into the open air and water evaporatesfrom his skin.As the water evaporates, which molecules escape into the air first and what happens to theaverage speed of the remaining water molecules?first moleculesto escapeaverage speed of theremaining moleculesA least energetic decreasesB least energetic increasesC most energetic decreasesD most energetic increases14 Some air is trapped inside a metal can with a tightly fitting lid.airheattightly fitting lidmetal canWhen the can is heated strongly behind a safety screen, the lid is blown off by the increasedpressure inside the can.What causes the increase in pressure of the air inside the can?A The air molecules expand and take up more room.B The air molecules move more quickly.C The number of molecules inside the can increases.D The volume occupied by the molecules decreases.15 A solid object has a very large thermal capacity.What does this mean?A A large amount of energy is needed to make the object become hot.B A large amount of energy is needed to make the object melt.C A small amount of energy is needed to make the object become hot.D A small amount of energy is needed to make the object melt
Solution
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The 'lost' energy when a ball bounces and does not reach its original height is converted into internal (heat) energy and sound. This is because some of the energy is used to deform the ball during the impact and some is dissipated as sound.
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A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. It does this by balancing the weight of a column of mercury against the atmospheric pressure - the higher the pressure, the higher the column of mercury.
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A boy would exert the most pressure on the ground when he is standing on one foot. Pressure is defined as force divided by area. When the boy stands on one foot, the area in contact with the ground is reduced, hence increasing the pressure.
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As water evaporates from a swimmer's skin, the most energetic molecules escape first and the average speed of the remaining water molecules decreases. This is because evaporation is a cooling process where the most energetic (or hottest) molecules escape, leaving the less energetic (or cooler) molecules behind.
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The increase in pressure of the air inside a can when it is heated is caused by the air molecules moving more quickly. As the temperature increases, the molecules gain more kinetic energy and move faster, colliding with the can and each other more often and with more force, thus increasing the pressure.
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If a solid object has a very large thermal capacity, it means that a large amount of energy is needed to make the object become hot. Thermal capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of an object. The larger the thermal capacity, the more energy is needed to increase its temperature.
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