The most common cause of a subarachnoid haemorrhage is……Question 24Select one:a.Occlusion of a cerebral artery by a thrombus or embolus.b.Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries.c.Rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis.d.Rupture of an arterial aneurysm deep in the brain.e.Systemic hypotension and ischemia.
Question
The most common cause of a subarachnoid haemorrhage is……Question 24Select one:a.Occlusion of a cerebral artery by a thrombus or embolus.b.Atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries.c.Rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis.d.Rupture of an arterial aneurysm deep in the brain.e.Systemic hypotension and ischemia.
Solution
The most common cause of a subarachnoid haemorrhage is c. Rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis.
Here's why:
A subarachnoid haemorrhage is a type of stroke caused by bleeding on the surface of the brain. The most common cause of this is the rupture of a berry aneurysm in the circle of Willis.
The circle of Willis is a circle of arteries that supply blood to the brain. A berry aneurysm is a small, berry-shaped outpouching of an artery wall that is filled with blood. It is typically less than 10mm in diameter.
When a berry aneurysm ruptures, it causes blood to leak into the space around the brain, which is known as a subarachnoid haemorrhage. This can cause severe headaches, vomiting, altered consciousness, and can be life-threatening.
The other options listed are not the most common causes of a subarachnoid haemorrhage. For example, occlusion of a cerebral artery by a thrombus or embolus and atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries are more commonly associated with ischemic strokes, not haemorrhagic strokes. Rupture of an arterial aneurysm deep in the brain would cause an intracerebral haemorrhage, not a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Systemic hypotension and ischemia would not directly cause a subarachnoid haemorrhage.
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In-Class Discussion: Disorders of Brain FunctionCase Study 1Bret is a 47-year-old male stated he who woke up this morning with "the worst headache of my life" and "I thought a burglar shot me in the back of the head". He is now unconscious, intubated, and was placed on a mechanical ventilator. He opens his eyes when pressure is applied to his nailbeds. He had a lumbar puncture which showed blood in the CSF. He was diagnosed with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. VS: BP is 160/50, HR 58, RR 14, Temp 98.9.ABG: pH 7.52, PaO2 82, CO2 25, HCO3- 241. Interpret the ABG: 2. How will the following ABG results affect the size of Bret's cerebral vessels (vasoconstriction/vasodilation):a. pH 7.52:b. CO2 25: 3. When pressure is applied to his nailbeds, Bret displays the following abnormal posturing. Identify Bret's abnormal posturing. 4. Describe the pathophysiology of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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